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In this study we advised question whether cerebrospinal fl uid oxidative stress markers are associated with neurotoxicity of chemotherapy of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL). Examination of 38 ALL patients revealed a statistically signifi cant increase in 8-isoprostane and decrease in total antioxidative capacity during the treatment. Dynamic analysis revealed a statistically signifi cant increase in isoprostane starting on the 59th day of the treatment when the levels were highest and remained raised during all the treatment course. The mean 8-isoprostane level at the diagnosis was 9.05 ± 5.12 pg/ml, and no correlation with initial leukocytosis, organomegaly and lactate dehydrogenase level was noted. Dynamic data analysis revealed a statistically signifi cant increase in 8-isoprostane on the 59th day of the treatment (24.85 ± 26.28) and at four points during consolidation phase (17.28 ± 8.09; 22.72 ± 21.79; 24.92 ± 22.74; 32.32 ± 26.85) as compared to its level at the diagnosis (P<0.01. The mean total antioxidative capacity level at the diagnosis was (203.98 ± 15.11 μmol/l). Dynamic data analysis revealed a statistically signifi cant decrease in total antioxidative capacity on the 59th day of the treatment (189.76 ± 4.64) and at one point during consolidation phase (188.29 ± 8.46) as compared to its level at the diagnosis (P<0.05). The study suggests that standard ALL treatment may cause neurotoxicity by oxidative stress.
Background. Properly balanced diet and exercise are an essential element of healthy living for children and adolescents. Particular attention should be paid to nutrition and physical activity among juniors after cancer treatment, which is one of the most important elements of the convalescence period. Objective. The aim of the study was a comparative analysis of diet, physical activity of healthy children and adolescents with patients after cancer treatment. Material and methods. The study involved 60 children and adolescents; 30 healthy juniors and 30 patients after treatment for cancer. An analysis of diets based on a 3-day 24-hour nutrition diary. The questionnaire surveyed collected data about participation and physical activity preferences. Statistical program-Statistica 12.0, published by StatSoft, was used to develop the results. Results. Both groups were characterized by increased consumption of proteins and carbohydrates. Insufficient fat intake was shown in comparison with the recommended amounts in all study groups. It was observed that in the group of patients after treatment, vitamins B1, A, E and D intake was higher than in their healthy peers. Determinants of the choice of physical activity among children after cancer treatment was pleasure and fun, while among their healthy peers, aesthetic considerations (taking care of appearance). Conclusions. Children and adolescents after cancer treatmentin a much greater percentage covered of daily intake of nutrients than healthy children, and more willingly spent time on physical activity. Greater interest in physical activity in this group was probably due to previous restrictions related to illness and therapy.
The aim of the study was to evaluate the function of monocytes in children with leukemias and lymphomas based on the expression of critical costimulatory, activatory and adhesion molecules (CD80, CD86, HLA-DR and CD54 = ICAM-1), esti­mated with tricolor flow cytometry. In comparison to the control group we found a lower percentage of monocytes with costimulatory molecules (CD80 before and CD86 after lipopolysaccharide stimulation) at the time of diagnosis and of monocytes with HLA-DR molecules after remission induction. We also noted a lower percentage of monocytes with HLA-DR expression in the group with severe or ther­apy resistant infections. The results of our investigation suggest some defect in costimulation and antigen presentation in lymphoproliferative diseases in children.
Despite the very high percentage of long-term remissions in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in children, some of them suffer from recurrence of the disease. New treatment modalities, e.g. effective geno- and immunotherapy are needed. The use of neoplasmatic cells to present tumor antigens is one of the approaches in cancer vaccines. ALL cells lack the expression of costimulatory molecules and are poor antigen presenting cells (APCs) for T-cell activation. CD40/40L interaction stimulates B-cells to proliferate, differentiate, upregulate costimulatory molecules and increase antigen presentation. The aim of the study was to test the hypothesis that ALL cells can be turned into professional APCs by CD40L activation. Children with B-cell precursor ALL were enrolled into the study. Mononuclear cells from bone marrow or peripheral blood were stimulated with CD40L and interleukin 4. Results: 1) after culture we noted upregulation of all assessed costimulatory, adhesion and activatory molecules i.e. CD1a, CD11c, CD40, CD54, CD80, CD83, CD86, CD123, HLA class I and II; 2) CD40L activated ALL cells induced proliferation of allogeneic T-cells (measured by [3H]thymidine incorporation). These results confirm the possibility of enhancing the immunogenicity of ALL cells with the CD40L system and indicate that this approach can be used in immunotherapeutic trials.
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