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1

A comparison of soluble sugar accumulation in zygotic and somatic pea embryos

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Gorska-Koplinska K., Zrobek-Sokolnik A., Gorecki R., Lahuta L.
Polish Journal of Natural Sciences
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2010
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tom 25
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nr 4
This study compares the soluble sugar content of zygotic and somatic pea embryos. It was noted that mature somatic embryos differed from zygotic embryos with respect to carbohydrate composition. Mature zygotic pea embryos contained glucose, myo-inositol, sucrose, maltose, galactinol, galactosyl-cyclitols, raffinose, stachyose and verbascose. The presence of maltose, galactosyl-cyclitols, stachyose and verbascose was not determined in somatic embryos, and their total soluble sugar content was below that of zygotic embryos. High sucrose levels in somatic embryos most probably resulted from the presence of sucrose in the growth medium. Monocotyledonous and irregular somatic embryos were characterized by a different sugar profile than regularly shaped somatic embryos and seeds.
2

The effect of explant type on somatic embryogenesis induction in Pisum sativum L.

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Gorska-Koplinska K., Zrobek-Sokolnik A., Gorecki R. J., Michalczyk D. J.
Polish Journal of Natural Sciences
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2010
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tom 25
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nr 3
The effect of explant type on somatic embryogenesis induction in Pisum sativum (cv. Oskar and an unregistered line HM-6) was studied. Shoot apices, leaf primordia, and epicotyl fragments of axenically grown, etiolated seedlings, as well as embryonic axes and cotyledon fragments isolated from zygotic embryos at different stages of development, were used as explants. Somatic embryogenesis was induced essentially as described by Griga in 1998 – MS salts and sucrose, B5 Gamborg vitamins, picloram (2.5 μM). After induction period (14 days) all cultures were transferred to the differentiation medium (basal medium as above, auxin omitted). Both in Oskar and HM-6, only shoot apices developed somatic embryos and (with significantly lower frequency) adventitious shoots.
3

Cadium and zinc-mediated oxidative brust in tobacco BY-2 cell suspension cultures

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Zrobek-Sokolnik A., Asard H., Gorska-Koplinska K., Gorecki R. J.
Acta Physiologiae Plantarum
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2009
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tom 31
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nr 1
Generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) constitutes an important first reaction under many stress conditions in plants. We demonstrate that Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. Bright Yellow 2 (TBY-2) cells in suspension cultures, generate superoxide radical and hydrogen peroxide upon treatment with cadmium and zinc. Addition of catalase and N,N-diethyldithiocarbamate (DDC) decreased the level of H₂O₂, whereas superoxide dismutase (SOD) induced a slight increase of the H₂O₂ production. The effects of catalase, DDC and SOD on the heavy metal-induced ROS production indicate that it occurs outside of the cells, and that at least part of the hydrogen peroxide is produced by dismutation of the superoxide radical (O₂⁻). The effect of pretreatment of the cell cultures with commonly used mammalian NADPH oxidase inhibitors was also tested. Strong inhibitions of cadmium and zinc-mediated ROS production were obtained with the flavoprotein inhibitors—diphenylene iodonium (DPI) and quinacrine and with an inhibitor of b-type cytochromes—imidazol. Membrane permeable-N-ethyl maleimide (NEM) and iodoacetate, and membrane non-permeable thiol reagents—para-chloromercuribenzoic acid (pCMBS) also inhibited the ROS production. These results suggested that the enzyme responsible for cadmium and zinc-induced ROS production in tobacco cells contains a flavocytochrome. They also show the importance of intra- and extracellular thiol groups in the observed stress reaction. The induction of ROS production with heavy metals showed properties comparable to the elicitor-induced oxidative burst in other plant cells.
4

Propagation of Chamaedaphne calyculata (L.) Moench via indirect somatic embryogenesis

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Zrobek-Skololnik A., Holdynski C., Gorska-Koplinska K.
Acta Biologica Cracoviensia. Series Botanica. Supplement
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2009
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tom 51
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nr 1
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