This study was aimed to clarify if the bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) significantly improve functional outcome after lacunar stroke when stereotactically transplanted into the brain. Ouabain, a Na/K ATPase pump inhibitor, was stereotactically injected into the right striatum of Wistar rats. One week later, the superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO)-labeled rat BMSCs («=7) or vehicle (n=8) were stereotactically transplanted into the left striatum. Using rotarod test, motor function was serially evaluated through the experiment. A 7.0-T MR apparatus was employed to serially monitor the migration of BMSCs in the host brain. Histological analysis was performed at 7 weeks after ouabain injection, i.e., 6 weeks after BMSC transplantation. Ouabain injection yielded the reproducible, focal lesion in the right striatum, causing continuous motor dysfunction throughout the experiment. BMSC transplantation significantly enhanced the recovery of motor function after ouabain injection. MR imaging demonstrated that the BMSCs aggressively migrated towards the lesion through the corpus callosum. Histological analysis supported the findings on MRI. The BMSCs significantly enhanced the neurogenesis in the subventricular zone (SVZ) on both sides. Some of them also expressed neuronal or astrocytic phenotypes in the neocortex, SVZ, corpus callosum, and peri-lesion area. These findings strongly suggest that the BMSCs may serve therapeutic impacts on lacunar stroke when stereotactically transplanted at clinically relevant timing.
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