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A case of occipitalization in the human skull

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Skrzat J., Mroz I., Jaworek J. K., Walocha J.

Folia Morphologica

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2010

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tom 69

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nr 3

Occipitalization of the atlas is an osseous anomaly of the craniovertebral junction. The aim of this paper is to present an anatomical variant of the fused atlas with the occipital bone and discuss similar cases described in literature. The skull of an adult male analysed in this study belonged to the cranial collection of the Department of Anatomy of the Jagiellonian University, Medical Collage. A tight bony fusion between the anterior arch of the atlas, the left portion of the posterior arch, the lateral masses of the atlas, and the occipital bone was observed. Hence, the left and right superior articular facets of the atlas were fused with the corresponding occipital condyles. The anteroposterior dimension of both inferior articular facets was the same (20 mm), while the transverse diameter of the right one was considerably smaller (12 mm). The transverse diameter of the left inferior articular facets was 17 mm. The right and the left transverse process of the atlas were normally developed, each of them contained transverse foramen, and they were not fused with the occipital bone. The circumference of the foramen magnum was minimally diminished by the osseous structures of the atlas fused to the occipital bone. The sagittal and transverse diameters of the foramen magnum (38 mm x 34 mm) were within the normal range of variation. However, the asymmetrical anatomy of the inferior articular facets of the atlas give rise to speculation that movement in the atlantoaxial joint was disturbed by assimilation with the occipital bone. (Folia Morphol 2010; 69, 3: 134–137)

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The clinical significance of the petroclinoid ligament

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Skrzat J., Walocha J., Jaworek J. K., Mroz I.

Folia Morphologica

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2007

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tom 66

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nr 1

This report describes the topography and structure of the petroclinoid ligament with reference to its clinical significance. Observations of this ligament were performed on 24 sections of human heads. Remnants of the ossified form of this ligament were sought in 73 dry human skulls. It was found that the petroclinoid ligament existed as an anterior and posterior fold of the dura mater and stretched from the petrous apex and the anterior and posterior clinoid process respectively. We assessed the close proximity of this ligament to the oculomotor nerve. In one case we found a partially ossified posterior petroclinoid ligament, which appeared as a bony spike that arose posteriorly and inferiorly from the posterior clinoid process.

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Bilateral ossification of the stylohyoid ligament

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Skrzat J., Mroz I., Walocha J., Zawilinski J., Jaworek J. K.

Folia Morphologica

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2007

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tom 66

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nr 3

This paper presents the case of an adult male skull with bilateral ossification of the stylohyoid complex. The total length of the stylohyoid complex amounts to 62 mm on the left side and 65 mm on the right side. Visual inspection of the stylohyoid revealed the presence of callosities that are located on both stylohyoid complexes at nearly the same level. These sites are regarded as the ossified attachments of the stylohyoid ligaments to the corresponding styloid processes. The skull studied is an example of extreme development of the stylohyoid complex, which could cause severe pain and a restriction of head and neck movement.

Ograniczanie wyników

3 Folia Morphologica

3 Jaworek J. K.

3 Mroz I.

3 Skrzat J.

3 Walocha J.

1 Zawilinski J.

1 2010

2 2007

A case of occipitalization in the human skull

The clinical significance of the petroclinoid ligament

Bilateral ossification of the stylohyoid ligament