The landscape of the Polish montane village reflects its identify. It is affected by various factors. Generally, they can be defined as natural ones, a result of the natural impact; and those caused by man. The author presents the problem using a village located in Beskid Śląski Mts. as an example. An architect by profession, she conducted studies on changes in architectural forms and cultural landscape in villages located there. She discusses the existing status and plans to protect landscape and identify in rural areas.
The landscape of the Polish mountainous village, anexpression of its identity, has been affected by natural factors, forces of nature and by anthropogenic factors, i.e. human activities. The author conducted studies on changes in architectural forms and in the cultural landscape of these specific villages. The article discusses the present state which has resulted from history of settlement: it also outlines a scheme for protection of landscape identity of villages.
The present work was aimed to obtain information about age-dependent changes of γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT) activity and the levels of non-protein sulfhydryl compounds (NPSH) in rat kidneys. In addition, protein-bound cysteine (PB-Cys), sulfane sulfur compounds and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were estimated. The results indicate that the activity of GGT and NPSH levels in the kidneys are reduced with age. At the same time, a significant increase in the level of protein-bound cysteine was observed. Simultaneously, the content of sulfane sulfur compounds was increased in the group of the oldest animals. These findings indicate that the capacity for extracellular glutathione degradation and, in consequence, the availability of cysteine for intracellular glutathione biosynthesis may be impaired. The increased PB-Cys level indicates potentiation of the thiolation reaction, i.e. development of protein-mixed disulfides. These results reveal age dependent disturbances in the thiol-disulfide equilibrium in the kidneys which leads to an imbalance between pro- and antioxidatory processes.