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The aim of this study was to compare the meatiness and technological quality of meat from traditional Polish Pulawy breed pigs and its crosses with Polish Large White and Polish Landrace pigs. It was observed that the highest technological quality came from meat from crosses of Pulawy and Polish Landrace pigs. The pH₁ and pH₂ value typical for high quality pork, low quantity of drip loss, good water holding capacity, and the highest weight gain during wet salting was observed in meat from this group. Based on the results of our study cross breeding of traditional Polish Pulawy breed and Polish Landrace pigs can be recommended in order to improve the technological quality of pork.
The ELISA technique with synthetic peptides as an antigen was developed to analyse the reactivity of bovine serum directed to mutated epitopes on envelope glycoptrotein gp51 of bovine leukaemia virus (BLV). The peptides represented normal and mutated G, H, and GG epitopes deduced from wild type BLV and its genetic variants, respectively. When 436 sera identified as seronegative by commercially available ELISA were tested by newly developed peptide ELISA, 14 samples revealed the highest reactivity. Out of them, reactivity to the mutated epitope GG was found in eight samples, while five and two samples reacted to epitopes G and H, respectively. One serum showed the reactivity to two peptides. Sera, which reacted with the epitope G, were found mostly in animals from one herd, while the distribution of sera that reacted to epitopes GG and H were less restricted to the particular herds. It has been concluded that sera showing strong reactivity to mutated peptides could represent animals infected with BLV variants, which escape antibody detection.
Five sheep were experimentally infected with bovine immunodeficiency virus (BIV). All animals seroconverted to BIV p26 core protein by 6 weeks after inoculation and developed persistent lymphocytosis. Proviral DNA has been continually detected only in one sheep and temporarily present in other two animals. All attempts to rescue the BIV from peripheral blood leukocytes of uninfected sheep have failed during experiment. The established model of bovine lentivirus infection in sheep provides valuable data to examine the pathogenesis of BIV and related retroviral infections.
Detection of small ruminant lentiviruses (SRLVs) in sheep and goats usually relies on serological testing. In this study, we evaluated semi-nested PCR and nested PCR techniques applied as a diagnostic tool for detection of maedi-visna virus (MVV) and caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus (CAEV) in naturally infected sheep and goats, respectively. The examination of 193 ovine and 85 caprine serum samples by the ELISA revealed the presence of specific antibodies in 133 (69%) and 18 (21.2%) animals, respectively. Presence of proviral DNA was manifested in 103 (53.4%) sheep and 12 (14.2%) goats. Despite the relatively lower sensitivity of PCR, the fact of detection of proviral DNA in 19 out of 60 ovine samples and 7 out of 67 caprine samples collected from animals previously negative by ELISA was noteworthy. In conclusion, the data demonstrated that combinations of both ELISA and PCR might afford optimal detection of SRLVs infection.
The caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus (CAEV) was isolated from monocyte-derived macrophages (M/M), but not from PBMC of seropositive goats by co-cultivation with goat synovial membrane cells. Out of eight M/M co-cultures, CAEV was evidenced by the syncytia formation and presence of proviral DNA in two and four cultures, respectively. Two virus isolates from co-cultures showing cytopathic effects were further confirmed as CAEV by western blotting, PCR, and sequence analysis. The nucleotide sequence of gag gene showed 92.0% and 90.3% homology to the prototype CAEV-Co strain. Supernatants harvested from these cultures induced syncytia when cultured with uninfected cells and the resultant titer was 1035 and 1025 TCID50 per ml. New CAEV isolates are suitable candidates for further analysis of their genetic and biological properties.
The transmission of maedi-visna wirus (MVV) through embryons collected from virus infected ewes and then transferred to uninfected recipients was investigated. Early sheep embryos were isolated from four in vivo-fertilized, MVV infected donors, which were determined to be positive by ELISA and PCR. A total of fifty-two morula and blastocyst stage embryos were washed ten times and transferred (two or three per recipient) to twenty-two serologically negative sheep. Three ewes became pregnant, delivering three live kids out of which one died immediately after delivery. All two kids were then kept over 72-weeks-of-age and neither MVV specific antibodies nor proviral DNA was found in the blood samples collected before colostrum suckling, as well as after 14, 32, 56 and 72-weeks-of-age. Additionally, no active virus particules were found when tested by syncytia formation assay. This study demonstrated that it is possible to obtain transferable stage embryos from donor ewes infected with MVV, in vivo fertilized by infected rams, and that collected embryos are unlikely to transmit MVV infection to the resulting offspring.
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