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This study presents changes in the concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus in two streams in Western Antarctica (Admiralty Bay, King George Island, South Shetlands) that differ in trophic status. The results suggest a decline in concentrations of the determined forms of N and P between 2001 and 2005. The decrease ranged from 9.3% for reactive phosphorus to 73.2% for ammonium-nitrogen. Such inferred declines in N and P concentrations are considered to reflect reduced deposition on land of organic matter brought in from the seas by the penguins nesting in the area. The ultimate cause of this is in turn the steady decline in abundance that is being noted for these penguins.
The present paper reports on the year-long study of atmospheric precipitation (rain and snow) composition, including nitrogen, phosphorus and mineral matter as conductivity, in ice-free area of western coast of Admiralty Bay (King George Island). The effects of the local Adelie penguin colony on nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations in atmospheric precipitation, as well as the role of wind on nitrogen and phosphorus enrichment of ice-free areas uncovered by a progressing deglaciation of the Ecology Glacier (ASPA 128) were examined. The effect of marine influence on the mineral matter level (as conductivity) in atmospheric precipitation was examined too. The determination of conductivity, nitrogen and phosphorus were assayed according to standard methods. Conductivity, nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations in atmospheric precipitation differed depending on sampling sites location, precipitation type (rain or snow), season (summer or winter), and also distance from a penguin rookery. The mean conductivity of rain and snow amounted to 189 μS cm⁻¹ and was higher in rain (up to 290 μS cm⁻¹) than in snow samples (87 μS cm⁻¹). Mean total nitrogen and total phosphorus concentrations in precipitation amounted to 0.208 mg Ndm⁻³ and 0.028 mg P dm⁻³, respectively. A higher conductivity was recorded in the precipitation transported by NNW winds (200 μS cm⁻¹), and lower in the precipitation transported by SSE winds (80 μS cm⁻¹). The seasonal variability of conductivity was characterized by a higher values during summer (320 μS cm⁻¹) and lower – during winter (90 μS cm⁻¹). The most nutrientrich samples were those collected in the centre of the penguin rookery, average values of TN and TP concentrations were 0.450 mg N dm⁻³ and 0.090 mg P dm⁻³, respectively. At the other sites concentrations of TN and TP were lower. Seasonal variabilty of nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations were usually characterized by minimal concentrations during winter and maximal – during spring or summer. The concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus were characterized by a statistically significant negative relation along the distance from the penguin rookery and along the altitude of sampling sites. The influence of the penguin rookery on the higher concentrations of biogenic compounds caused the high concentrations of ammonium nitrogen (averaging about 0.250 mg N dm⁻³) during summer at all sampling sites, even at those, located farthest away (about 2200 m) from the penguin colony. The annual nitrogen and phosphorus loads deposited by atmospheric precipitation onto the ice-free area were estimated at about 0.752 kg N ha⁻¹ and 0.061 kg P ha⁻¹, respectively.
Praca łączy aspekty klasycznych badań limnologicznych z wieloaspektowymi czynnikami determinującymi aktywność turystyczną. Dla realizacji tak ujętego problemu dokonano 1) oceny ruchu turystycznego na tle analizy stanu zagospodarowania turystycznego, 2) oceny istniejących walorów przyrodniczych i antropogenicznych okolic dwóch największych jezior Pojezierza Ińskiego: Woświn i Ińsko, 3) wskazano kierunki dalszego rozwoju potencjału turystycznego. Wykorzystano informacje dostępne w masowych środkach przekazu oraz przeprowadzono badania ankietowe wśród turystów wypoczywających nad badanymi jeziorami. Pojezierze Ińskie to obszar o wybitnych walorach przyrodniczych, umożliwiających uprawianie różnych form turystyki. W rejonie tym istnieje jednak duża dysproporcja w zagospodarowaniu turystycznym. Głównym centrum turystycznym jest gmina Ińsko - posiada ona największą i najatrakcyjniejszą bazę noclegowo-gastronomiczną i rekreacyjną. Za istotną przeszkodę w rozwoju ruchu turystycznego należy postrzegać ogólnie słabe zagospodarowanie turystyczne obszaru poza głównym centrum turystycznym tego rejonu. Baza noclegowa jest słabo rozwinięta, występują duże braki w zakresie usług gastronomicznych i usług rekreacyjno-sportowych. Mimo wykazanych braków rejon ten, w dobie kształtowania nowych trendów w turystyce związanych z chęcią przebywania w nieskażonym, mało przekształconym środowisku naturalnym, posiada duży potencjał turystyczny, który jest w stanie sprzyjać podejmowaniu aktywności fizycznej przez turystów. Ważnym czynnikiem dalszego rozwoju turystyki Pojezierza Ińskiego powinna być mało inwazyjna dla środowiska przyrodniczego wiejska agroturystyka, jednocześnie sprzyjająca rekreacji ruchowej oraz rozwojowi ekonomicznemu regionu.
Our paper discusses research into primary production of water discharged from a power plant with 1,600 MW capacity in conjunction with select hydrochemical indicators. It was proven that, on average, the temperature of spent cooling water was higher by 6.3ºC than the temperature of natural waters. Oxygen conditions were favorable for water biocenoses, whereas concentrations and transformations of biogenic elements were characteristic for eutrophized waters. Average annual primary production of spent cooling water equaled 0.300 mgC·dm⁻³·h⁻¹ and exceeded by 27% primary production of water that had not been subject to thermal pollution.
Aim: Technologies involved in roasting coffee beans, as well as the methods used to prepare infusions, vary according to culture, and contribute to differences in the concentration of elements in the drink. Materials and Methods: Concentrations of six elements: manganese (Mn), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), chrome (Cr), silver (Ag) and lead (Pb) were investigated in coffee infusions from eleven samples of coffee, roasted and purchased in four countries: Bosnia and Herzegovina, Brazil, Lebanon and Poland. Metal concentrations were determined using an induction coupled plasma technique in combination with mass spectrometry (ICP-MS, Perkin Elmer) which measures total metal (ionic and non-ionic) content. Results: Metal intake estimated for individual countries (in the respective order; mean consumption per person per year) was as follows: Mn: 26.8-33.1, 28.3-29.5, 29.7, 12.6-18.9 mg; Co: 0.33-0.48, 0.42-0.35, 0.32, 0.12-0.17 mg; Ni: 3.83-5.68, 4.85-5.51, 4.04, 2.06-2.24 mg; Cr: 0.17-0.41, 0.21-0.47, 0.17, 0.09-0.28 mg; Ag: 0.16-1.13, 0.26-0.70, 0.61, 0.33-1.54 mg, Pb: 4.76-7.56, 3.59-5.13, 3.33, 1.48-2.43 mg. Conclusions: This finding gives new data for Mn, Co, Ni, Cr, and Ag intake from coffee , and suggests that the amounts are negligible. However, the data for Pb consumption in heavy drinkers, for example in Bosnia and Herzegovina, indicate that Pb intake from coffee may contribute to the disease burden. The high lead level in some coffees suggests the need for a more precise control of coffee contamination.
Our paper presents a study on the middle reaches of the Ina River. Select physical and chemical indicators were analyzed in order to evaluate water quality. It was determined that the studied river was subjected to strong anthropopressure, and factors declassifying river water included CODCr, TP, general hardness, and alcalinity. A high level of biogenic elements was additionally increased by pollution discharged to the river in the proximity of a factory specializing in agricultural production and processing food and agricultural produce near the town of Stargard Szczeciński. The process of self-purification was noted, which can be considered as a factor modifying changes and dynamics of nitrogen and phosphorus in the studied river, leading to an internal enrichment with biogenic elements. Those processes were multi-directional as confirmed by PCA analysis, where component 1 accounted for just 36.7% of the total variance, and the total variance exceeding 90.0% was only noted for 7 components.
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