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Lead levels in cord blood (PbB) of 92 neonates living in the town of Chorzów (Upper Silesia) have been determined. The mean PbB concentration was 5.29mg/dl (SD= 2.24) in the all investigated groups.The mean Pb-CB was higher in preterm babies (x= 6.87mg/dl, SD=1.67 ), especially in boys. Pb-CB concentrations were higher in the neonates born to mothers aged more than 30 years, smoking before and during pregnancy, having bad living conditions, living close to gasoline station.
Cadmium levels in cord blood (CdB) of 40 neonates living in the town of Chorzów (Upper Silesia) have been determined. The mean CdB concentration was 0.439 μg/dl (SD=0.185). Smoking before and during pregnancy raised CdB levels in newborns. Mean Cd concentration in the neonates born to smoking mothers was 0.504 versus 0.353 μg/dl in those of woman who did not smoke during pregnancy.
Our study on the adverse impact of a polluted environment on children's health was made in Chorzów, a town commonly regarded as a region of ecological disaster. The percentage of infants with birthweight below 2500g is highest and average birthweight lowest in the most polluted districts of the town. Placental dysfunction as a negative effect of air pollution is the immediate reason of drastically diminished aerobic oxydation assessed on the basis of cytochrome c oxydase activity in the placental micro structure. High absorption of lead by nursing children was determined when data were compared with WHO's recommended admissible blood lead levels. The effect of air pollution on the Peak Expiratory Flow of children was studied in the most polluted districts of the town, where PEF values in healthy children were statistically lower.
The aim of our study was to assess the impact of short-term ultrafine particle concentration changes in ambient air to daily total and cardiovascular mortality in the older population (65 years and above) living in Zabrze, a city located in the Silesia Region of Poland. The measure of this relationship was the relative risk (RR) of daily mortality related to a 10 ng/mJ increase in PM2.5 concentrations. It was determined during the study period from 2000-05 that 6,378 people aged 65 and above died in Zabrze. Cardiovascular diseases accounted for 61.9% of the total mortality during the same study period. The highest daily mortality was seen during the winter, which was more than the other remaining seasons. The relative risk of total and cardiovascular mortality were 1.004 (95%CI:-1.003-1.010) and 1.002 (95%CI:-1.011- 1.015), respectively. It was also shown that the risk increased with longer exposure times, with the highest value of RR related to two weeks exposure of the population. The daily risk of cardiovascular mortality in Zabrze, related to PM2.5 concentrations, is similar to values given by other authors. The obtained results suggest that longer exposures expressed by moving average concentration, from 3-days to 14-days, contribute to the highest risk of cardiovascular mortality in older inhabitants.
Przedstawiono wyniki monitoringu biologicznego narażenia na ołów 2-4 letnich dzieci przebywających w 3 żłobkach Chorzowa. Podstawowym parametrem oceny był poziom ołowiu we krwi.
The incidence of low birthweight was examined among 6794 newborns in 4 towns in the industrial region of Upper Silesian: Świętochłowice, Bytom, Zabrze and Chorzów. Ecological disaster has caused an increasing number of infants with birthweight below 2500 g in the most polluted towns. In Chorzów, in the most polluted part of the town, mean body weight decreased (3015g) in comparison with mean body weight in less polluted districts (3087 g and 3102 g). Low birthweight is one of the most important health indicators of a population affected by environmental pollution. The second negative impact connected with very high pollution is the high incidence of congenital defects and childrens' morbidity rate as the same as disturbed physical and psychological development.
Morphochemical tests of placentae and clinical examinations of babies born-at-term with intrauterine hypotrophy and of normal body weight were conducted. A decreased activity of cytochrome c oxidase in syncytiotrophoblast, cytotrophoblast extravillous, amniotic epithelium as well as in decidual cells was observed. In all placenta samples we found a diminished percentage of intesvillous space, disordered maturing of villi, lower epithelial plates and striking loss of cytochrome c oxidase activity. It was concluded that diminished metabolic efficiency of placentae is the decisivee risk factor for hypotrophy in chemically polluted areas.
This paper presents examples of improper reactions to unintentional mercury spills. Seven families consisting of 22 people – 15 adults and 7 children – (including 2 breastfed babies) were exposed to metallic mercury vapors. U-Hg levels ranged from 14.5 to 222.8 μg/g creatinine. Among patients exposed to mercury vapor we noticed fatigue and weariness, excessive sleepiness, hyperexcitability, and headaches. A stomachache was reported by 3 adults, and a metallic taste in the mouth and a feeling of “thickening of mucous membranes” by 1 patient. In 2 cases allergic rash and erythema on the hands were observed, but 6 patients stayed asymptomatic. Among children, neuropsychological disturbances (intention tremor, EEG changes, emotional lability, withdrawal) were found in a 5-year-old girl (who also had the highest U-Hg value – 222.8 μg/g of creatinine), who stayed with family for 22 days after a mercury spill. This study emphasizes the need for continuous education of different groups of population regarding rules of properly handling metallic mercury vapor. The algorithm of immediate reaction in cases of accidental exposure to metallic mercury vapor should be elaborated uppon and made available to medical professionals and emergency services.
The assessment of exposure to bioaerosols in damp houses of two children who suffered from perennial rhinitis and asthma was performed. The paper presents an approach to the complex (i.e., medical and environmental) treatment of allergic diseases.
The effects of microwave radiation on viability of fungal and actinomycetal spores growing on agar (medium optimal for growth) as well as on wooden panel and drywall (common building construction/fi nishing materials) were studied. All materials were incubated at high (97-99%) and low (32-33%) relative humidity to mimic “wet” and “dry” environmental conditions. Two microwave power densities (10 and 60 mW/cm2) and three times of exposure (5, 30, and 60 min) were tested to fi nd the most effective parameters of radiation which could be applied to non-invasive reduction or cleaning of building materials from microbial contaminants. Additionally, a control of the surface temperature during the experiments allowed differentiation between thermal and microwave effect of such radiation. The results showed that the viability of studied microorganisms differed depending on their strains, growth conditions, power density of microwave radiation, time of exposure, and varied according to the applied combination of the two latter elements. The effect of radiation resulting in a decrease of spore viability on “wet” wooden panel and drywall was generally observed at 60 min exposure. Shorter exposure times decreased the viability of fungal spores only, while in actinomycetes colonizing the studied building materials, such radiation caused an opposite (supporting growth) effect.
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