A previously established species-diagnostic PCR assay was used to determine the species composition and distribution of sibling species of the Anopheles maculipennis complex in north-eastern Poland, which was historically affected by malaria. Of all the 1120 mosquitoes of An. maculipennis complex (1002 adults and 118 larvae) identified by molecular means, all were either An. messeae/daciae or An. maculipennis s. s. with the former dominant in all collection localities. Their halophilic sister taxon An. atroparvus, previously collected along the Baltic Sea coast was not found. New records of An. maculipennis s. s. and An. messeae were located in 9 UTM squares respectively and these species were new for Tuchola Forests (Bory Tucholskie) and for the district of Ilawa Lakeland (Pojezierze Iławskie). An. messeae is a new species also for Masurian Lakeland (Pojezierze Mazurskie).
Twenty two species of Culicidae (47% of Polish fauna) were recorded in the vicinity of Wyskok in Polish Masurian Lakelands. Eight species of mosquitoes were recorded for the first time in the Masuria. Another 8 species are rarely recorded in Poland. Females of Coquillettidia richiardii (FICALBI), Aedes cinereus MEIGEN and Ochlerotatus cantans (MEIGEN) were the most aggressive in relation to a man.
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