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1

Morphological study of the tuberculum sphenoidalis in macerated skulls of adult individuals

100%
Alves N., Deana N. F.
Folia Morphologica
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2015
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tom 74
|
nr 4
The tuberculum sphenoidalis (TS) is an anatomical structure of variable form located at the anterior extremity of the infratemporal crest of the greater wing of the sphenoid. The object of this study was to analyse the morphology and frequency of the TS in macerated skulls. We examined 304 macerated skulls belonging to individuals of both sexes, Amerindian and Caucasian. The TS were classified morphologically into spiniform, pyramidal and laminar. TS was present in 96.3% of the skulls; the spiniform type was most frequent (40.3%), followed by pyramidal (37%) and laminar (19%). The most frequent type in females and Amerindian individuals was spiniform; in males and Caucasian individuals, the most frequent types were spiniform and pyramidal. The TS is a frequent anatomical structure on the sphenoid bone. The spiniform and pyramidal types are both very frequent. We suggest that it should be incorporated into international anatomical terminology. The term ‘sphenoidal tuberculum’ may be the most appropriate. (Folia Morphol 2015; 74, 4: 465–469)
2

Comparative study of osteoarthritis induced by monoiodoacetate and papain in rabbit temporomandibular joints: macroscopic and microscopic analysis

81%
Molinet M., Alves N., Vasconcelos A., Deana N. F.
Folia Morphologica
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2020
|
tom 79
|
nr 3
Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic, progressive, degenerative pathology. Inducing OA in an animal model is useful for studying the pathology and testing the effectiveness of new treatments. The object of the present study was to determine the macroscopic and microscopic changes occurring in rabbit temporomandibular joints (TMJ) at 15, 30 and 45 days after induction of OA by monoiodoacetate (MIA) and papain. Materials and methods: Twenty two male rabbits were used in the experiment, divided into three groups: a control group (n = 4) and two experimental groups, MIA (n = 9) and papain (n = 9). The progress of the disease was analysed at 15, 30 and 45 days after induction of OA. Morphological and histological analyses were carried out of the joint disc and the mandibular condyle. Results: The most evident changes were expressed in the condyle and disc of joints with OA induced by MIA. The condyles presented deformation, fissures and loss of joint surface, the chondrocytes lost their morphology and organisation. In more advanced stages there was loss of the mid zone of the joint disc. Conclusions: The effects of papain were associated with condyle deformation, disorientation of the chondrocytes in the middle layer, and proliferation in deep zones; there was also an increase in the extracellular matrix. Both inductors generated changes in the TMJ and its joint surfaces; MIA was more effective and coincided more closely with the classic signs of the evolution of OA. (Folia Morphol 2020; 79, 3: 516–527)
3

Morphometric study of lingual foramina in macerated mandibles to assist in implant placement in the anterior mandibular region

81%
Deana N. F., Navarro P., Alves N.
Folia Morphologica
|
2018
|
tom 77
|
nr 2
The object of our study was to contribute to anatomical knowledge of this region with data on the prevalence, number and location of lingual foramina (LF) in dentate and edentate macerated mandibles from Brazilian individuals, differentiating them by sex and race. In this way we hope to help dental surgeons with their planning prior to implant placement in the anterior mandibular region. 103 macerated mandibles were analysed. The prevalence, number and location of LF were analysed in the median (MLF) and lateral (LLF) regions and the median (AMLF) and lateral (ALLF) alveolar process regions. Measurements for their location were taken with a digital calliper. 99% of the mandibles presented at least 1 MLF, 82.5% at least 1 LLF, and the frequency of ALLF was 67%. In dentate mandibles, MLF were located in the region superior to the genial spine, and in edentate mandibles in the regions superior and inferior to the genial spine. LLF were located in the middle region in both dentate and edentate mandibles. The height of the symphysis was significantly greater in dentate than in edentate cases. The distance from the alveolar crest (AC) to the MLF was significantly greater in dentate than in edentate mandibles. LF are constant structures, with MLF found more frequently than LLF. Mandibles which present a smaller measured distance from the base of mandible to AC present MFL and LLF closer to AC, implying a greater risk of complication during implant placement. (Folia Morphol 2018; 77, 2: 310–322)
4

Sex prediction by metric and non-metric analysis of the hard palate and the pyriform aperture

71%
Alves N., Deana N. F., Caballos F., Hernandez P., Gonzalez J.
Folia Morphologica
|
2019
|
tom 78
|
nr 1
Background: Analysis of the bones and bone fragments of the cranium may be a useful tool for sex diagnosis in the identification of human remains which have been exposed to adverse conditions. The object of the present study was to evaluate sex prediction through metric and non-metric analysis of the hard palate (HP) and the pyriform aperture (PA), using macerated skulls of adult individuals. Materials and methods: We analysed 312 dry skulls of adult individuals of both sexes, studying the metric and non-metric characteristics of the HP and PA. The accuracy, sensitivity, specificity and positive and negative predictive values were evaluated. A binary logistic regression and a linear regression were performed. The receiver operating characteristic curve was constructed to analyse the performance of sex diagnosis. Measurements of the HP and the PA were analysed by ANOVA and Tukey’s test. The SPSS v. 20.0 software was used, with a significance threshold of 5%. Results: The shape of the PA presented 61.9% accuracy, 54.4% sensitivity and 65.7% specificity. The shape of the HP presented 51.5% accuracy, 65.6% sensitivity and 44.7% specificity. Only the height of the PA functioned as a good predictor of sex. Conclusions: The height of the PA produced good diagnostic performance (area under curve = 0.764). The height of the PA was the most reliable indicator for sex prediction, and could be used by forensic scientists to identify sex. (Folia Morphol 2019; 78, 1: 137–144)
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