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Airborne ragweed pollen concentration in the north-eastern part of Croatia was investigated in relation to some meteorological factors. Data was obtained for three consecutive years (2001, 2002 and 2003) using volumetric method (Burkard trap). The correlation between the concentration of pollen grains in the atmosphere and maximum, minimum and mean daily temperature, daily temperature range, sunshine hours, relative humidity and precipitation from daily monitoring was studied. The critical ragweed pollen season appears from 33rd to 38th week, with its peak at the beginning of September each year. Statistically significant correlation between the ragweed pollen count and selected meteorological variables were found in some study years, but only a correlation with the mean air temperature and ragweed pollen presence in the air was significant over time.
Background: The aim was to examine the position of the brain stem and cervical cord following the neck flexion and extension. Materials and methods: The serial sagittal T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sections of the cervical cord and brain stem were made in 6 volunteers. The images were mainly used to measure certain distances and angles of the brain stem and cervical cord in the neutral position, and then following the head and neck flexion and extension. Results: The measurements showed that the pons is slightly closer to the clivus following the neck flexion; the medulla oblongata is somewhat distant to the basion but closer to the odontoid process. At the same time, the spino-medullary angle diminishes in size. On the other hand, the upper cervical cord slightly approaches the posterior wall of the spinal canal, the lower cervical cord is closer to the anterior wall, while the angle between them is significantly larger in size. After the cervical cord extension, the rostral pons is somewhat distant to the clivus, whereas the caudal pons and the medulla are slightly closer to the clivus and the basion. At the same time, the spino-medullary angle diminishes in size. The cervical cord is mainly closer to the posterior wall of the spinal canal, whilst its angle is significantly smaller. Conclusions: The obtained results regarding the brain stem and cervical cord motion can be useful in the kinetic MRI examination of certain congenital disorders, degenerative diseases, and traumatic injuries of the craniovertebral junction and the cervical spine. (Folia Morphol 2016; 75, 4: 439–447)
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