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Winter rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) belongs to the most important oilseed crops cultivated in moderate climate regions of the world. Both - rapeseed oil and seed proteins are of great value in the meaning of food industry, technology and livestock feeding. Breeding programmes are concentrated mainly on obtaining the rapeseed varieties of different quality and content of fatty acids, reduced amount of anti-nutrition compounds as well as on obtaining the high yielding cultivars and resistant to pathogenes. The results of breeding and selection are mainly due to the genetic diversity and also to analytic methods of the quality traits. Methods of molecular biology, genetic engineering and biotechnology make an efficient tool for analysis of quality traits and also for obtaining a new diversity among rapeseed cultivars.
This article describes new localities of two extremely rare hymenopterans in Poland: Parnopes grandior (PALLAS, 1771) (Chrysididae) and Xylocopa valga GERSTAECKER, 1872 (Apidae), both classified as critically endangered (CR). Parnopes grandior was found in the Kozienice Forest (Słupica), while Xylocopa valga in the Bieszczady Mts (Polanczyk).
The aim of the studies was to establish in vitro conditions for the culture of pea and lupin embryos as the first step in the development of an in vitro assisted single seed descent technique for the attainment of homozygous populations. Materials for the study included of pea, and narrow-leafed and yellow lupin cultivars. Embryos dissected from mature but still-green seeds were cultured in vitro on two modified MS media and under three temperature regimes. Shoot and root lengths of regenerated plants were measured after 7, 14 and 21 days of culture. For pea plants full-strength MS medium with 4 g l−1 agar and temperature 22/ 20°C (day/night) appeared to be the most conducive to shoot and root development, whereas for lupin plants lower temperatures were more propitious: 12°C in the dark for narrow-leafed lupin and 16/ 12°C (day/night) for yellow lupin. Almost all the cultured embryos developed into plants, but not all the regenerated plants survived acclimation to ex vitro conditions.
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