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1

A study on the morphology of the popliteus muscle and arcuate popliteal ligament

100%
Paraskevas G., Papaziogas B., Kitsoulis P., Spanidou S.
Folia Morphologica
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2006
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tom 65
|
nr 4
381-384
The aim of this study was to investigate the origins and morphological features of the popliteus muscle in cadavers. In a sample of 40 lower limbs taken from cadavers the exact morphological features of the popliteus muscle were examined. In 100% of the cases studied we noticed, apart from the known femoral origin from the lateral femoral epicondyle, a fibular origin from the styloid process of the head of the fibula directed obliquely and blending with the main femoral origin, forming the arms of a Y-shaped structure. In all the cases a capsular origin was presented, while in 91.67% an origin lateral to it from the superior border of the posterior horn of the lateral meniscus was found. The capsular and meniscal origins formed the base of the Y-shaped structure that corresponded to the known arcuate ligament. We consider that the additional origins of the popliteus muscle form the arcuate ligament, which is not a distinct anatomical structure as it is described in traditional anatomical textbooks. In addition, we have analysed the exact morphological features of the capsular, fibular and meniscal origins of the popliteal muscle.
2

Persistent primitive hypoglossal artery: an incidental autopsy finding and its significance in clinical practice

100%
Paraskevas G. K., Tsitsopoulos P. P., Papaziogas B., Spanidou S.
Folia Morphologica
|
2007
|
tom 66
|
nr 2
Persistent primitive hypoglossal artery (PPHA) is a recognised, albeit infrequent, intracranial vascular anomaly usually detected during angiography. Its presence is associated with an increased incidence of aneurysm, arteriovenous malformation and ischaemic stroke. A unique case of PHHA discovered during autopsy is described. Additionally, the significance of PPHA in neuroscience is discussed in detail.
3

Bilateral double testicular arteries: a case report and review of the literature. Potential embryological and surgical considerations

88%
Paraskevas G. K., Natsis K., Nitsa Z., Papaziogas B., Kitsoulis P.
Folia Morphologica
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2014
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tom 73
|
nr 3
The aberrancies concerning the number, origin and course of the testicular arteries are found in an incidence of approximately 4.7–20% in the literature and are documented less frequently than the respective variations of the homonymous veins. In the current study, a very rare complex of testicular arteries’ variations is described, in which the occurrence of bilateral double testicular arteries is recorded. Particularly, apart from the normal testicular arteries on each side, we observed an additional right testicular artery originated from the ipsilateral renal artery and an additional left testicular artery taking its origin from the abdominal aorta just above the renal artery’s origin site; the latter additional testicular artery arched above the left renal vein. Both, the bilateral double testicular arteries accompanied the testicular vein on each side as their satellite arteries. We discuss the potential embryological development of that complex of arterial variants, their likely clinical and surgical applications, as well as we proceed on a brief review of the relevant literature. (Folia Morphol 2014; 73, 3: 383–388)
4

The persistence of the sciatic artery

88%
Paraskevas G., Papaziogas B., Gigis J., Mylonas A., Gigis P.
Folia Morphologica
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2004
|
tom 63
|
nr 4
The persistent sciatic artery (PSA) is a rare anatomical variant where the internal iliac artery and the axial artery of the embryo provide the major supply of the lower limb, the superficial femoral artery being usually poorly developed or absent. We describe an extremely large right PSA in a 79-year-old male cadaver during a medical gross anatomy course, with simultaneous existence of a hypoplastic superficial and deep femoral artery. The PSA, which was a continuation of the anterior division of the right internal iliac artery, entered the buttock through the greater sciatic foramen situated in the gluteal region laterally to the sciatic nerve and in the mid thigh medially to the same nerve, becoming in the popliteal fossa the popliteal artery. Neither the superficial nor the deep femoral artery had communication with the popliteal artery. Because the PSA in our study was the only blood supply to the lower limb, we present the embryologic origins and the clinical anatomy of this artery.
5

Abnormal location of the papilla of Vater: a cadaveric study

76%
Paraskevas G., Papaziogas B., Natsis K., Katsinelos P., Gigis P., Atmatzidis K.
Folia Morphologica
|
2005
|
tom 64
|
nr 1
51-53
We report a case of a male cadaver aged 72 years with an ectopic location of the papilla of Vater. The ectopic papilla was situated at the supero-posterior border of the 3rd portion of the duodenum at a distance of 0.9 cm from the limit of the 2nd and 3rd portions of the duodenum. The frequency of this anomaly fluctuates between 0 and 11.83% and when the papilla is located distal to its usual position the usual location is in the proximal 2 cm of the 3rd part of the duodenum. We refer to the possible difference in the papilla’s location between patients and cadavers and call attention to the differential diagnosis with spontaneous or surgical fistulae.
6

An accessory middle scalene muscle causing thoracic outlet syndrome

76%
Paraskevas G., Loannidis O., Papaziogas B., Natsis K., Spanidou S., Kitsoulis P.
Folia Morphologica
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2007
|
tom 66
|
nr 3
The aim of our study is to present a very rare accessory middle scalene muscle, leading to thoracic outlet syndrome. In particular, a muscular bundle was discovered on a male cadaver connecting the middle portion of the middle scalene muscle with the anterior scalene muscle insertion to Lisfranc’s tubercle. This triangular accessory muscle and, especially, its sharp medial border compressed the middle and lower trunk of the brachial plexus and the subclavian artery. This anomaly is of great importance because it emphasises the fact that it is not primarily the anterior scalene muscle that produces symptoms of thoracic outlet syndrome but the anterior displacement of the middle scalene muscle or its accessory muscular bands. We also present the relative international literature and the clinical significance of our finding.
7

Excavated type of rhomboid fossa of the clavicle: a radiological study

64%
Paraskevas G., Natsis K., Spanidou S., Tzaveas A., Kitsoulis P., Raikos A., Papaziogas B., Anastasopoulos N.
Folia Morphologica
|
2009
|
tom 68
|
nr 3
The excavated type of rhomboid fossa of the clavicle is a relatively neglected anatomical structure that can potentially cause diagnostic problems. Its unilateral occurrence may be confused by the physician as avascular necrosis, osteomyelitis, or even a tumour. We studied 80 routine chest radiographs and identified the clavicles with excavated type of rhomboid fossa. The sex, sidedness, and handedness were recorded. An excavated type of rhomboid fossa was present in 43 clavicles (26.88%), appearing more frequently in males than in females. In addition, the incidence of the excavated type of rhomboid fossa was greater on the right side than on the left. That type of fossa was also present more frequently on the right side in right-handed specimens and on the left side in left-handed specimens. The high incidence of the excavated type of rhomboid fossa on the dominant hand supports the mechanical theory of fossa formation. Radiologists and physicians should be aware of this fossa, as it may resemble a pathological condition. (Folia Morphol 2009; 68, 3: 163–166)
8

A variant of the double gallbladder. A possible cause of cholelithiasis?

64%
Papaziogas B., Lazaridis C., Paraskevas G., Koutelidakis J., Katsinelos P., Oikonomou B., Chatzimavroudis G., Grigoriou M., Atmatzidis K.
Folia Morphologica
|
2005
|
tom 64
|
nr 3
Congenital duplication of the gallbladder is a rare anatomical malformation, which is usually discovered as an incidental finding during cholecystectomy. We report a case of a double gallbladder in a 45-year-old woman, which was discovered during laparoscopic cholecystectomy for symptomatic cholelithiasis. As it was not possible to identify the anatomical structures safely, the procedure was converted to open cholecystectomy. Inspection of the resected gallbladder showed that it consisted of 2 chambers with separate cystic ducts, which communicated through an ostium. Both chambers contained multiple gallstones. The inadequate drainage of the second chamber could be considered as a predisposing factor for the development of cholelithiasis in this case.
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