The response of Armeria maritima to heavy metals was examined in plants from two populations, one from metalliferous and the other from non-metalliferous soil. Concentrations of metals (Cd, Zn, Pb) were determined in organs of plants growing on 100-year-old calamine spoil (S Poland) and in a "clean" area (central Poland), and in the first generations of those plants grown in hydroponic culture with addition of metals. Large differences between root and green leaf concentrations of metals were found, indicating restriction of transport of metals from roots to aboveground parts in A. maritima, and an exclusion strategy. Even under full availability of metals (hydroponic culture), adult plants effectively limited the flow of metals to their aboveground parts. In A. maritima from calamine populations, part of the metals transported to aboveground plant organs were directed to the oldest leaves. Plants from the "clean" population growing in a non-metalliferous area did not accumulate heavy metals in ageing leaves. It seems that the ability to accumulate metals in withering leaves characterizes plants growing under strong environmental pressure from metal contamination, in which one may expect intensification of metal detoxification processes.
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