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Mimo znacznego postępu wiedzy nadciśnienie indukowane ciążą (PIH - pregnancy-induced hypertension) nadal jest jedną z głównych przyczyn zachorowań i zgonów matek, płodów i noworodków. Stąd duże zainteresowanie nie tylko leczeniem tej patologii ciąży, ale również zastosowaniem właściwej profilaktyki. W prewencji PIH użyteczne mogą być niektóre oleje roślinne i rybne zawierające wielonienasycone kwasy tłuszczowe, które są związkami wpływającymi na przywrócenie równowagi między substancjami wazokonstrykcyjnymi i wazodilatacyjnymi.
Istnieje szereg badań, których wyniki świadczą o tym, iż w okresie okołomenopauzal- nym dieta zawierająca związki fitoestrogenne może wpływać na zmniejszenie częstości incydentów sercowo-naczyniowych, wywoływać korzystne zmiany metaboliczne w tkan­ce kostnej, nie wywierając jednocześnie proliferacyjnego wpływu na gruczoł sutkowy oraz endometrium. W świetle najnowszych doniesień o wynikach badań nad klasyczną hormonalną terapią zastępczą (Women's Health Initiative 2002, One Million Women Stu­dy 2003) wiele kobiet może wybrać naturalne metody łagodzenia dolegliwości okresu klimakterycznego. Fitoestrogeny, czyli substancje pochodzenia roślinnego o działaniu estrogennym, mogą stanowić jedną z form wyżej wymienionych terapii. Praca stanowi przegląd aktualnego piśmiennictwa związanego z badaniami i zastosowaniem fitoesto- genów jako potencjalnej alternatywy dla hormonalnej terapii zastępczej.
Flavonoids and their conjugates are the most important group of natural chemical compounds in drug discovery and development. The search for pharmacological activity and new mechanisms of activity of these chemical compounds, which may inhibit mediators of inflammation and influence the structure and function of endothelial cells, can be an interesting pharmacological strategy for the prevention and adjunctive treatments of hypertension, especially induced by pregnancy. Because cardiovascular diseases have multifactorial pathogenesis these natural chemical compounds with wide spectrum of biological activities are the most interesting source of new drugs. Extracts from one of the most popular plant used in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi could be a very interesting source of flavonoids because of its exact content in quercetin, apigenin, chrysin and scutellarin as well as in baicalin. These flavonoids exert vasoprotective properties and many activities such as: anti-oxidative via several pathways, anti-inflammatory, anti-ischaemic, cardioprotective and anti-hypertensive. However, there is lack of summaries of results of studies in context of potential and future application of flavonoids with determined composition and activity. Our review aims to provide a literature survey of in vitro, in vivo and ex vivo pharmacological studies of selected flavonoids (apigenin, chrysin and scutellarin, baicalin) in various models of hypertension carried out in 2008–2018.
Recently the significance of genetic traits, influencing hormonal and environmental factors, in susceptibility to osteopenia and osteoporosis development has been indicated. Much attention to the polymorphic variants of vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene was paid. The restriction polymorphisms in VDR gene could be involved in the modulation of vitamin D action. The VDR polymorphism influence level of bone mineral density (BMD) and cause the osteopenia and osteoporosis.124 postmenopausal women with osteopenia have been analysed (mean age 58.4±5.9 years). For detection of Taq\ VDR polymorphism PCR/RFLP (polymerase chain reaction/restriction fragment length polymorphism) assay have been used.The higher prevalence of 77" genotype (44.4?ó) in investigated group of postmenopausal women has been determined. The mean weight, height and BMI were the lowest in the TT group and the shortest time since last menopause in this group has been observed. In TT group the lowest BMD level and f-score value was determined (0.939 g/cm- and -2.18, respectively). The same observation we have found if comparing the young adults (YA) (78.3°o) and age matched (AM) (88.1°o) index (Tab. 1). The slight tendency to lower age of last menopause in the group of women with genotype containing at least one Tállele (TT + Tí) 49.5±4.2 vs. 50.9±3.8 years has been detected. The presence of Tállele of VDR polymorphism could predict the lower bone mineral density and ¡-score value and connect with early occurrence of last menses in the group of post­menopausal women. For founding a clearly correlation between TaqI polymorphism and appearance of osteopenia and osteoporosis further investigations are necessary.
Green tea (Camellia sinensis) is widely used as a popular beverage and dietary supplement that can significantly reduce the risk of many diseases. Despite the widespread use of green tea, the data regarding the safety as well as herb-drug interactions are limited. Therefore, the aim of our study was to assess the influence of standardized green tea extract (GTE) containing 61% catechins and 0.1% caffeine on the expression level of rat CYP genes and the corresponding transcription factors expression by realtime PCR. The findings showed that GTE resulted in a significant decrease of CYP2C6 expression level by 68% (p<0.001). In case of CYP3A1 and CYP3A2, the mRNA levels were also reduced by extract but in a lesser degree compared to CYP2C6. Simultaneously the significant increase in the mRNA level of CAR, RXR and GR factors was observed by 54% (p<0.05), 79% (p<0.001) and 23% (p<0.05), respectively after 10 days of green tea extract administration. In addition, there was noted a small increase of CYP1A1 expression level by 21% (p>0.05) was noted. No statistically significant differences were observed for CYP1A2 and CYP2D1/2. In the same study we observed an increase in amount of ARNT gene transcript by 27% (p<0.05) in the long-term use. However, green tea extract showed the ability to stimulate HNF-1α both after 3 and 10 days of treatment by 30% (p<0.05) and 80% (p<0.001), respectively. In contrast, no change was observed in the concentration of HNF-4α cDNA. These results suggest that GTE may change the expression of CYP enzymes, especially CYP2C6 (homologue to human CYP2C9) and may participate in clinically significant interactions with drugs metabolized by these enzymes.
Introduction: Our study is a part of a trend of studies on the antioxidative properties of Chelidonium majus extracts or their fractions suggesting that antioxidant activities may depend on total flavonoid and/or alkaloid contents. Objective: This study focused on the examination of antioxidative activities of full water extract, non-protein fraction and protein fraction of the extract from aerial parts of mature plants and young seedlings. Methods: Total flavonoid and alkaloid contents were evaluated by spectrometric methods. Quantitative determination of chelidonine, coptisine, sanquinarine, berberine was made by HPLCUV. The antioxidative activities were evaluated using (1) 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), (2) 2,2’-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging and (3) ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) methods. Results: All concentrations of herb extracts exhibited higher antioxidant capacities than extract from seedlings. Two antioxidant tests (DPPH, FRAP) showed that full water extract from herb had the highest antioxidant activity, while its non-protein fraction and protein fraction showed lower antioxidant activity. It was found that the full water extract from herb contained the highest concentrations of flavonoids and alkaloids when compared with other samples. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that chelidonine and coptisine especially could be responsible for the observed changes in the extract antioxidant activity, because these alkaloids were determined in the highest concentration in full water extract from herb. It cannot be also excluded that the observed variables values between extracts and their fractions from herb or from seedlings may also be the result of interactions between flavonoids and other chemical compounds.
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