If aging were simply a matter of wearing out, we would expect all centenarians to be in poor health, trapped in bodies with many deteriorated working parts. Actually, standards of health are high among numerous centenarians. Those who study centenarians been taken aback by their strong attachment to freedom and independence. Even though biological aging in humans fall into two categories (Programmed or adaptive and Non- programmed or non-adaptive theories) in our Meta – analysis we predominantly focused our attention on Non-programmed theories of aging. We selected some factors that play significant role in secondary aging, namely self-discipline, to have meaning and purpose in life, maintaining a steady weight through life, eating more quality than quantity of food, be physically active, have social ties be practical rather than idealistic also assertive but at the same time flexible to new challenges in life. Also have more wisdom than intelligence. Above mentioned indicators are greatly influenced by way we think. We believe that by apply positive psychology’s principles to our existence we can enhance biological, psychological and social homeostasis consequently enhances overall health and longevity.
In the current time of human inactivity running becomes an ideal compensatory means, which acts as prevention against civilization diseases that are is some way affected by the lack of physi-cal activity. In addition to the beneficial physical effect of running on the human body, we can ob-serve a positive impact on psychological indicators as well. Marathon race represents one of the most challenging athletic disciplines in the physiological and psychological terms. In a positive way, it af-fects cardiovascular, musculoskeletal systems and can act as a stress relieving mediator [5]. We may argue that the dominant motivation of the majority of the marathon runners is comple-tion of the race, for which participant must be systematically trained. Seeing that, marathon races become more and more popular every year and they grow both in quality and quantity [5].Every year, there are many marathons races organized in the world. Their participants are doing well and overcoming themselves. In our paper we analyze the two oldest marathon races in the world in particular, the Boston Marathon in the US and the International Peace Marathon in Kosice. As a method for examining individual events, we have select comparison and SWOT analysis. The history of Boston and Košice marathons creates an important marketing element, that is used to form valuable incentive for promoting the event. While the Boston marathon is considered the oldest marathon in the world, the Košice marathon is the oldest marathon on the European continent and the third oldest in the world. Our analysis shows that both marathons are in a favorable position. An offensive marketing strategy suggests the predominance of strengths over weaknesses and opportunities over threats. From the profile of the cultural point of view and the time of the year, the Kosice Mara-thon is more attractive and acceptable for some participants than the Boston marathon, where the runners experience much more difficult course. Nevertheless, based on strengths, both events are able to use their opportunities, which predisposes them to consolidate and improve their position in the everlasting competition of international marathons.
It is well known that our internal state affects our ability to perform everyday tasks. Some studies [6], [17] found that the admonition to live for a present is more important than we imagined. A human mind is a wandering mind, and a wandering mind is an unhappy mind [13]. The objective of the current study was to determine how living for a present relates to quality of life and functional fitness of senior cohorts (n = 38 F. mean age = 75,6 years (SD ± 9.4) that exercise regularly. Older adults completed a functional fitness test battery, quality of life and living for a present questionnaire. Living for a present was associated with age of participants, quality of life and BMI. No statistical significance was found between living for a present, functional fitness and medication use. The results support the role of living for a present as a correlate of age, BMI and quality of life. These data substantiate that living in a present could serve as an important course for better existence. In any means our study is not conclusive. Further study are needed to clarify this complex issue as living for a present no doubt represents.
There is not a region in the world untouched by the obesity epidemic. Once just a problem of wealthy nations, obesity now impacts countries at all economic levels. The night-eating syndrome (NES) consists of evening hyperphagia or nocturnal eating. However, it is not consistently related to elevated BMI and physical activity (Nolan et al., 2012). We have evidence that the prevalence of NES is higher among overweight-related people, than in a general community. Nevertheless, the exact relationship between this syndrome, physical activity and obesity remains unclear. The reasons for the discrepancies found in the literature include varying diagnostic criteria and a wide range of study population characteristics. The aim of our cross sectional study, that is part of VEGA project “Selected risk factors of obesity and its prevention by physical activity” No.1/1343/12, was to investigate the relationship between the night-eating pattern, physical activity (PA) and BMI on a sample of university freshmen and fresh-women (774 males / 1142 females) with a mean age of 21,46 years (SD = 2.33).We found positive association between eating late, physical activity and BMI. However, we recognized some differences between sexes in physical activity and eating habits.
Health is a condition of complete physical, mental and social wellbeing and not merely the absence of illness or disability. Health is not something one receives but something one has to work and strive towards. This presupposes active efforts from the individual, the family, and the community. In the chain of causative factors and pathological processes which can lead to illness, disability, and death, there are many links, some known and some unknown. Our resources and means must be applied at that point in the causative chain where the best prospects lie for reducing the incidence of illness, disability, and death. Diseases due lifestyle and environmental factors now dominate our health statistics. Material standards of living and personal philosophy of life bear a close relationship to the origin and development of these diseases. In that respect, regular physical activity is seen as an essential component in a lifestyle which itself is the basis for the health promoting idea. In our review we look into physical activity and its influence on health.