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1

Niche dynamics and biodiversity: many rodent species on one marshy meadow

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Jancewicz E., Gliwicz J.
Polish Journal of Ecology
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2017
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tom 65
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nr 4
The ecological niche of a species is determined by its tolerance to environmental factors and by interactions with other species, particularly those using the same resource. We assessed spatial niches of four rodent species coexisting in one meadow habitat within the Białowieża Primeval Forest. Niche characteristics were based on the valorisation of the habitat around live-trapping sites visited by rodents during seven years of the study. The population size of each species was monitored and expressed as an average annual density. The root vole Microtus oeconomus was the most numerous and dominant species, with its density widely fluctuating due to the temporal increases of predation pressure exerted by the weasel Mustela nivalis.During the study period, the spatial niche of the root vole was nearly constant, with only significantly increased tolerance towards shrub covered sites at times of its high population density. However, even a slight niche expansion of the highly abundant root voles displaced accompanying species: the bank vole Myodes (Clethrionomys) glareolus, the yellow necked mouse Apodemus flavicollis and the striped field mouse A. agrarius, from their preferred sites and efficiently decreased rodent species diversity in the studied habitat. This study illustrates a possible mechanism of the direct effect of predation on the dominant prey species population and indirect one on the species diversity changes over ecological time.
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Znaczenie martwego drewna w funkcjonowaniu populacji małych ssaków

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Jancewicz E., Kielan E.
Sylwan
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2017
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tom 161
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nr 06
Coarse woody debris constitutes an important and often indispensable habitat component for a huge number of vertebrates dwelling in temperate forests. The paper collates the results of research on the impact of coarse woody debris on the functioning of the Rodentia and Soricomorpha populations. In reference to this groups of vertebrates, the subject has been well−documented in the North America. Nevertheless, with regard to small European mammals the issue has not yet been fully recognized. The paper constitutes a review of the available literature on the matter. The cited research revealed that coarse woody debris, in its different decomposition stages, increases the heterogeneity of a habitat. Creating unique micro−habitats for small mammals of high environmental demands, it offers refuge, reproduction site and rich source of nourishment. The abundance of coarse woody debris may have an indirect impact on a population quantity, density and functioning, including area exploitation. The authors stress the fact that in the case of small mammals, associations between coarse woody debris and population features are not universal for all species, since they tend to differ in ecological characteristics. An analysis of the available literature on the matter reveals that the current knowledge of the associations between small mammals and coarse woody debris needs to be broadened and improved. It concerns, in particular, the areas where this type of research has not yet been conducted, including European and Polish forests.
3
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Czy aktywne metody ochrony przyrody moga utrzymac bogactwo drobnych ssakow na turzycowiskach?

100%
Jancewicz E., Gliwicz J.
Studia i Materiały Centrum Edukacji Przyrodniczo-Leśnej
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2009
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tom 11
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nr 2[21]
117-123
Turzycowiska w dolinach rzecznych Puszczy Białowieskiej charakteryzują się dużym bogactwem gatunkowym drobnych ssaków. Różnorodność ta wynika ze specyficznej architektury środowisk – pasy turzycowisk kontaktują się długą linią graniczną z bogatymi ekosystemami lasu naturalnego. Wieloletnie badania pozwoliły określić preferencje środowiskowe poszczególnych gatunków drobnych ssaków i wykazać ich duże zróżnicowanie międzygatunkowe. Z badań wynika, że w miarę zarastania turzycowiska będzie zmniejszała się różnorodność gatunkowa drobnych ssaków na skutek zanikania wyspecjalizowanych gatunków siedlisk otwartych przy jednoczesnym wzroście dominacji pospolitych gatunków preferujących zadrzewienia. Dlatego ważne jest, by metodami czynnej ochrony utrzymywać otwarte siedliska i nie pozwolić im zarosnąć.
4
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Refugia lodowcowe w Europie: co wiemy o historii współczesnych gatunków roślin i zwierząt

100%
Jancewicz E., Falkowska E.
Sylwan
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2017
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tom 161
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nr 12
Modern research methods provide many new possibilities to reconstruct the history of species and the colonization of land after its release from the Pleistocene ice sheet. New laboratory techniques and research trends form another, new and interdisciplinary approach to these issues. In this paper, we present the history of plant and animal species during the last glaciation (Vistulian, 115−11.7 ka BP) and after the melting of the ice sheets. We also summarize the evolution of theories and views on this subject. Initially, the role of glacial refugia that are the places of survival of the species and the source of expansion to the north of the continent after the release of Europe from the ice sheet, were attributed to the Iberian, Apennine and Balkan peninsulas. This was due to the fact that in Europe only in these regions favourable conditions for the survival of temperate species existed. However, numerous paleozoological, palaeobotanical and paleoclimatological fossil evidences from the Vistulian period, and extensive molecular research on contemporary populations of species inhabiting different areas of the continent show a completely different image of glacial refugia and another model of postglacial expansion. The paper describes documented significance of extensive refugia (macrorefugia) that existed in the Carpathians, the Crimea, the Ural, the Caucasus and the Russian Plain in postglacial colonization of Europe. It shows also importance of small northern refugia often found near the border of the ice−sheet in survival of boreal species. One of the nearest refugium in the vicinity of the border of the ice sheet in last glacial maximum period was the refugium located in the Kraków−Częstochowa Upland (S Poland) and in the Świętokrzyskie Mountains (C Poland).
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Aging and cohort dynamics in Sorex shrews

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Gliwicz J., Jancewicz E.
Acta Theriologica
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2001
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tom 46
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nr 3
In the shrews Sorex araneus Linnaeus, 1758 and S. minutus Linnaeus, 1766 a short period of fast post-natal development in the nest is followed by a longer summer period of developmental stasis and then by autumn regression. The aim of this paper has been to test whether this period of developmental stability also is accompanied by inhibited development of the eye lens - the most continuously growing organ of the mammalian body. If it is not, then can this be used as an age indicator in studies on shrews, and can it serve in distinguishing seasonal cohorts of young born in consecutive summer months? This aspect was examined on material comprising dead shrews collected from live traps and pitfalls set for rodent research in the marshy habitat of a river valley in Białowieża Forest, Poland, in 1997-1999. In fact, the eye lens in shrews was shown to increase in size continuously; therefore it may be used as a reliable age indicator. Body mass of weaned young shrews also continued to increase slowly with age until autumn. On the basis of the distribution of individuals in successive lens-mass classes, three age groups (cohorts) of young could be distinguished each season in the S. araneus popu­lation, and two in S. minutus. In the former species, consistent patterns to the relative abundance of the three seasonal cohorts were observed. The consequences of time of birth on individual fitness in Sorex shrews are discussed.
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Czasowa i przestrzenna aktywność nornicy rudej Myodes (Clethrionomys) glareolus i myszy leśnej Apodemus flavicollis w siedlisku grądowym Puszczy Białowieskiej

81%
Kolakowski M., Jancewicz E., Kielan E.
Sylwan
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2018
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tom 162
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nr 12
The aim of the study was to investigate the pattern of daily activity and connections between daily and spatial activity in relation to the forest undergrowth phytocenosis of the two most common rodent species – bank vole Myodes (Clethrionomys) glareolus (Cricetidae) and yellow−necked mouse Apodemus flavicollis (Muridae). The research was carried out in July 2017 in the oak−hornbeam habitat in the Browsk Forest District in the northern part of the Białowieża Forest. For rodents catching and vegetation evaluation the 1 ha study plot was divided into 100 squares of 10×10 m. Catches were made according to the catch−mark−release method. Wooden live traps (with bait and food for caught animals in the form of the grains of cereals, juicy fruits and aromatic fat) were set in the center of each square. The traps were controlled during 4 days at 3−hour intervals (0 a.m., 3 a.m., 6 a.m., 9 a.m., 12 p.m., 3 p.m., 6 p.m. and 9 p.m.). Traps occupied by rodents were marked with colored adhesive cards according to the established code. Twice a day – at 6 a.m. and 6 p.m. caught rodents were identified to the species and released next to the traps. The catch time was recorded. In total, 151 catches were registered. The daily activity of rodents was determined based on the total catches into assumed time intervals and at different times of the day (day, night, dawn/twilight). We provided a detailed description of undergrowth features of the area where rodents were caught. In each square we assessed the dominant species (on this basis the plants communities were established), the average height of vegetation and the degree of soil coverage with plants (undergrowth density). Collected data were used to the interpretation of the spatial activity of rodents in relation to the different undergrowth characteristics. The bank vole was distinguished by an even, day−and−night activity rhythm, while the yellow−necked mouse by monophasic – remarkably nocturnal activity. The dependence of the phytocenosis characteristics and spatial distribution of rodents was revealed for the daily activity of bank vole and twilight−dawn activity of both species. At dawn and dusk voles and mice were active in places with high vegetation. The density of undergrowth was the most important feature for bank voles during the day.
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