The aim of the study was the comparison of food consumption patterns in two selected countries, Greece and Poland, participating in DAFNE Project (Network for the Pan-European Food Data Bank Based on Household Budget Surveys) together with a comparison of the relevant health indicators. The results of the comparison showed that the diet in Greece was more abundant in products of vegetable origin than the Polish one. The Greek diet included much higher amounts of monounsaturated and lower amounts of saturated fatty acids compared to the diet in Poland. It was more abundant in dietary fibre and less abundant in cholesterol in comparison to Polish diet. These beneficial features of the food patterns in Greece were reflected in good health situation in this country particularly in relation to the one in Poland.