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The aim of the present study was to determine the reproductive traits and the milk yield and meat performance of Charolaise sheep. The study was conducted on a breeding flock of Charolaise sheep in the Warmia and Mazury region. The analysis included: reproductive traits over the years 2002-2006, i.e. fertility, fecundity, lamb survival rate and reproductive performance; meat performance traits, i.e. body weight at the age of 2 and 70 days, 4, 8 and 12 months, daily gains over the periods of 2-70 days, 70 days-4 months, 4-8 months and 8-12 months, live (USG) measurements of musculus longissimus cross-section and fat thickness over the loin eye at the age of 70 days, 4, 8 and 12 months; milk performance traits, i.e. daily milk yield at 28 and 70 days of lactation, milk production over a 70-day lactation period, proximate composition of milk, i.e. the concentrations of fat, protein, lactose and dry matter, and somatic cell count (SCC) in milk. It was found that Charolaise sheep raised in the Warmia and Mazury region are characterized by very good meat production traits, reflected in a rapid growth rate and muscle development of ewes and rams both before and after weaning. Good production results were greatly dependent on high milk performance levels. Mean daily milk yield was 2431.43 ml and 1185.71 ml at 28 and 70 days of lactation, respectively, while total milk production over a 70-day lactation period was 128.92 kg. The sheep also showed high fecundity 170.08 %, compared to a mean of 153.38% over a five-year period. However, significant lamb losses, both perinatal (stillbirths) and post-natal, considerably decreased the overall reproductive performance of the herd, which was at an average level of 107.65%. Charolaise sheep are generally sensitive and require greater care, particularly in the perinatal period.
The study was performed on two groups of lambs: control (CG) and experimental (EG) in which diet was supplemented with Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast extract. At 100 day of life, 13 lambs from each group were weaned, fasted for 12 h and, on the following morning, transported to the slaughterhouse. Lambs were weighed and subjected to blood sampling before weaning (blood sampling time (BST 1), before transport (BST 2) and after transport (BST 3). After 24 h of carcass chilling, ultimate pH (pHu ) and colour were determined in the musculus longissimus dorsi, and muscle samples were collected for water-holding capacity and tenderness analyses. Lambs from experimental group were characterized by higher (P ≤ 0.05) body weights after rearing, pre-slaughter starvation and transport. There were no significant differences in haematological parameters induced by the group or BST, except neutrophils to lymphocytes ratio (P ≤ 0.05 and P ≤ 0.01, respectively). Significant differences in cortisol levels were not observed between groups, but significant variations in this parameter were noted between each BST (P ≤ 0.01). In both groups, glucose levels increased significantly at BST 3 relative to BST 1 and BST 2; however in EG group the values were higher at each stage in comparison with CG. No significant differences in colour parameters such as L* (lightness) and b* (yellowness) were observed between CG and EG groups. The meat of EG lambs was characterized by lower (P ≤ 0.05) values of pHu, expressed juice area, shear force and colour parameter a* (redness). The results show that β-glucan reduces the negative impact of pre-slaughter stress on the final product quality
The experiment was conducted on 26 nursing Kamieniec ewes from a breeding herd. The animals were divided into two equal groups characterized by the same litter type, age and sex of suckling lambs: I - control and II - experimental. Throughout the 70-day lactation period, both groups were fed identical diets comprising haylage of grasses and legumes, meadow hay and CJ concentrate in daily rations of: 2.80 kg haylage of grasses and legumes, 0.6 kg meadow hay and 0.6 kg CJ concentrate per ewe. Group II animals were fed the CJ concentrate with the addition of Inter Yeast S® Saccharomyces cerevisiae dried yeast in the amount of 50 g kg- 1 of the concentrate. Milk was sampled during control milking runs on lactation day 28 and 70. The collected samples were analyzed to determine the content of protein, whey protein, casein, as, ß and K casein fractions. Blood was sampled twice from the jugular vein on lactation day 28 and 70. After separation of serum, the following nutrient concentrations were determined: inorganic phosphorus (P;n), calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg). No significant variations were reported in the percentage share of whey proteins in ewe's milk during the peak and towards the end of lactation. The yeast preparation had no effect on the casein content of milk. Yeast supplementation significantly influenced the proportions of casein fractions on lactation day 70. A significant drop in ß-casein levels (by 2.32%) with a simultaneous increase in K-casein concentrations (by 1.86%) were noted in the milk of group II animals. Similar calcium, phosphorus and magnesium concentrations were determined in the blood serum of both animal groups throughout the experiment (on lactation day 28 and 70) and these results were within the reference values. The results of this study indicate that the inclusion of Saccharomyces cerevisiae brewer's yeast into the diet of lactating ewes could enhance the quality of milk proteins.
The objective of this study was to determine the effect of yeast preparations on selected properties of meat from suckling lambs. The experiment was conducted on 30 Kamieniec rams divided into three groups: I - control, II and III - experimental. Throughout the 100-day rearing period, the experimental animals were fed diets supplemented with Saccharomyces cerevisiae prebiotics: Inter Yeast S® brewer's yeast in group II, and Biolex®-Beta S in group III. Fat content was determined by Soxhlet extraction. The fatty acid composition of intramuscular fat was determined by esterification followed by gas chromatography analysis. The content of vitamins A and E was determined by liquid chromatography. A significant increase in the content of fat, cholesterol, and vitamin E was noted in the meat of lambs of group II in comparison with control. The fat of animals in group II contained more fatty acids: C14:l, C18:2, C22:6 (P≤0.05), and C18:2 n-6 cis9transll (P≤0.01), and less C20:4 (P≤0.01). The fat of animals of group III contained more C18:0 and C22:6 fatty acids (P≤0.05), and less C18:0 (P≤0.05). The fat in this group had also lower concentrations of MUFA (P≤0.05), UFA, and, consequently, a lower UFA/SFA ratio (P≤0.05) in comparison with controls. The yeast-based supplements significantly affected selected health-promoting properties of lamb meat. The applied diet supplements had no significant effect on AI and TI values.
The effect of paper substrate type used at the beginning of rearing on foot pad dermatitis (FPD) occurrence and production results of broiler chickens.The objective of the study was to estimate influence of different paper type as additional substrate in broiler chickens rearing on foot pad quality. Animals used in experiments were 320 Ross 308 chickens divided into groups according to substrate type: control group – chickens reared on litter with paper produced from paper pulp and experimental group – chickens reared on litter with paper produced from paper pulp with cellulose addition. Production results were controlled during rearing period (in 21st, 35th, 42nd days). Foot pad quality was visually defined 5 days before slaughter. Effect of substrate type used during first days of life on occurrence of foot pad skin injuries and production results in chicken broilers was observed. Chickens from experimental group achieved higher production results (higher body weight, better herd health) and foot pad dermatitisappeared less frequently.
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