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The paper presents the results of the study of abundance, production and respiration in surface layers and subsurface water in the coastal lake Dołgie Wielkie. Indicate that the total numbers of neustonic bacteria were higher than planktonic bacteria. The level of production and respiration rate were higher in the subsurface water than in surface layers. Bacterial abundance, production and respiration rate were changing with seasons.
Potential capability of heterotrophic bacteria to hydrolytic degradation different organic macromolecules in three water layers in the marine channel were determined. In studied channel hydrolysed proteins and lipids. The heterotrophic microflora decomposition chitin were represented by the least abundant group of these organisms. The highest number of bacteria hydrolyzing tested organic macromolecules isolated from surface microlayer. It was demonstrated that no significant differences in number of bacteria decomposition studied organic compounds existed between different parts of harbour. Bacteria isolated from the water studied channel in different seasons hydrolyzing organic macromolecules with different intensity.
The paper presents studies on level hydrolytic activity of extracellular enzymes in the surface microlayer and subsurface water in the coastal lake Dołgie Wielkie. The ranking order of the potential enzyme activity rates in the studied water layers was as follows: aminopeptidase > lipase > α-glucosidase > β-glucosidase. The level of activity of all studied hydrolases was higher in the surface microlayer than subsurface water. Activity of extracellular enzymes was influenced by the season.
The most important enzymatic mechanisms which protect an organism against oxidative stress are superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (Px), e.g. glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and ascorbate peroxidase, catalase and glutathione reductase. Their activity depends on many trace elements. Enzymatic mechanisms, functioning under physiological conditions, prevent the spread of free radical reactions. New and reoccurring metabolic and infectious diseases of cattle emerge when there is a disproportion in the balance between reactive oxygen species and antioxidative enzymatic barrier.
Technological advances in last decades of XX centuries were well utilised in the studies of biological oxidation processes. Biological oxidation can lead to the oxidative stress and subsequently to the cell damage of animal organisms leading to many diseases. Free radical processes taking place in cattle under pathological conditions. Metal ions are often responsible for the damage of biological systems. Fenton and the Fenton like reactions can play the central role in the oxidative stress. Transition metal ions and their complexes catalyse Fenton and the Fenton like reactions.
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