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The aim of the paper was to assess some changes in the competitive position of Polish agri-food products on the world market in the conditions of potential liberalisation of the world agricultural trade and absence of further action taken in this direction. Selected ex post and ex ante measures were used in the research, including the computable general equilibrium model Global Trade Analysis Project.
The aim of this paper was to investigate the intensity and determine the type of intra-industry trade in agri-food products of Poland and the EU with the US. Analysis was based on data coming from the Comext-Eurostat database applying the 6-digit HS classification in 2007 and 2018. The intensity of intra-industry trade was established using the Grubel-Lloyd index, taking the diversification of intra-industry trade into horizontal, high-quality vertical, and low-quality vertical trade into consideration. The individual types were determined applying the criteria of similarity in unit values in exports and imports, proposed by David Greenaway et al. [1994]. Analysis showed that trade in agri-food products of Poland and the EU with the US developed mainly following a model of inter-industry specialisation. Intra-industry trade was observed primarily in trade in highly processed products. Analyses of EU trade with the US indicate the greatest role of intra-industry trade in high quality differentiated products, which may hardly be supplemented by other goods, while in Polish trade with the US it was vertical trade in low quality goods, which may be relatively readily replaced by products coming from other countries, in turn potentially leading to the loss of Poland’s share in the target market.
The aim of the paper is to present the development tendencies and the significance of agrifood trade in selected preferential trade agreements in both Americas, Asia and Africa. The analysis included the values of trade turnover both within the region and in exchange with third countries, the share of the agri-food trade in the total trade in the region and the share of the regions under investigation in the global agri-food trade. The analysis allowed us to indicate the greatest global exporters and importers of agri-food products. The assessment of trade creation and trade diversion effect in agri-food trade of selected trade agreements was also possible.
The paper aims at determining the competitive position of agri-food products manufactured in Poland in intra-Community trade and at establishing the changes in the competitive capacity of Polish agri-food sector on the European Single Market under the conditions of possible implementation of the new WTO agricultural agreement or failure to implement it. The ex post analysis and projection of changes in the competitive capacity of Polish agri-food sector in intra-Community trade was performed with the use of selected set of quantitative indicators of international competitive position and computable general equilibrium model drawn up by the Global Trade Analysis Project. Also some selected groups of agri-food products manufactured in Poland were divided into types according to their level of competitive advantages on the European Single Market. For the purpose we used the Ward method, from among the group of hierarchical agglomerative clustering methods. It was proved that until 2015 Polish food products would have a stronger competitive position on the European Single Market than raw materials. It was also emphasised that labour-intensive products should be still ranked among the most competitive products in intra-Community trade.
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The aim of the article was to present the premises and evolution of protectionism in agricultural trade and to show the changes in significance of tariff and non-tariff barriers of intervention for the trade in agricultural products. The abolition of customs duties entails an increase in the number and the role of non-tariff barriers in trade policy applied by individual countries. The factors determining the degree of intensity in the use of protective instruments include the level of GDP per capita. In the agri-food sector, an intensified protectionism can be observed along with an increased degree of economic development. In spite of the fact that richer countries declare their support for free trade, they take intense actions to protect their domestic production from the competitive imports and are unwilling to abandon this policy, which can be observed e.g. in prolonged negotiations on further liberalisation of world agricultural trade in the WTO forum.
The aim of the paper was to assess the competitive position of the most important producers of plant raw materials in the intra-EU trade in 2004 and 2008. The analysis covered such product groups as cereals, oil seeds, fruit and vegetable. The competitiveness was assessed with the use of a selected set of quantitative measures of international competitive position. Moreover, the shares of the studied countries in the EU trade were assessed as well as the relative intensity of plant raw materials export from each country.
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