In rural areas there is an increasing discrepancy between water supply and wastewater treatment. Only around 1.5% of farms have sewers. In Poland there are a number of technological solutions, which enable selection of wastewater treatment technology suitable for rural areas. Taking this into account, the author discusses specific technological solutions, e.g. BATEX, BIOKOMAF and NEVEXPOL types of wastewater treatment plants, as well as wastewater treatment using root systems. Unconventional methods of wastewater treatment are also presented.