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1

Resistance to aphids and scale insects in nine apple cultivars

100%
Andreev R., Kutinkova H.
Journal of Fruit and Ornamental Plant Research
|
2004
|
tom 12
|
nr Spec.ed.2
2

Integrated pest management in sweet cherry [Prunus avium L.] orchards in Bulgaria

100%
Kutinkova H., Andreev R.
Journal of Fruit and Ornamental Plant Research
|
2004
|
tom 12
|
nr Spec.ed.
3

Development of Aphis spiraecola Patch [Hemiptera: Aphididae] on apple

81%
Andreev R., Rasheva D., Kutinkova H.
Journal of Plant Protection Research
|
2009
|
tom 49
|
nr 4
378-381
Aphis spiraecola is a recently found pest on apple in Bulgaria, where it develops in the absence of secondary hosts. The aphid has displaced the native species Aphis pomi DeGeer in some regions of the country. Its development, from newborn nymph to adult female takes, in laboratory conditions, 9-10 days at 22-24°C or 6-7 days at 28-30°C. The average fecundity of one female at both temperatures is 9.5-10.5 nymphs. Under field conditions, in May and July of 2007 and 2008, the full development lasted 8.1-8.6 days of average, and the average fecundity of one female was 20.7-21.2 nymphs. About 67% of them became adults, but more than 20% of the females died without having progeny. Theoretically, the species could develop twenty and more generations per the vegetation period of apple.
4

The leopard moth borer, Zeuzera pyrina L. [Lepidoptera: Cossidae] - important pest in Bulgaria

81%
Kutinkova H., Andreev R., Arnaoudov V.
Journal of Plant Protection Research
|
2006
|
tom 46
|
nr 2
111-115
The leopard moth borer, Zeuzera pyrina L., is a cossid moth whose larvae bore into twigs, branches and trunks of various woody species, weakening and sometimes killing trees or shrubs. Recently it caused serious losses of apple trees in Bulgaria. In a three-year-old non-protected apple orchard in the Plovdiv region more than 30% of trees perished due to damage by this pest. In the nursery and in commercial orchards up to 5% of branches were injured. Main damage was observed in August and September. Both cossids, Zeuzera pyrina and Cossus cossus, damaged 15–20% of the stems in old commercial orchards and more than 60–70% in orchards without regular plant protection. In this study flight dynamics of Z. pyrina was monitored by two types of pheromone traps: Pherocon (Trécé, USA) – traps with sticky changeable bottom and Mastrap (Isagro, Italy) – dry funnel traps. The second type was more effective. Flight of moths lasted from mid-June to the beginning of September. Pheromone traps may be helpful in IPM systems, for signalling optimal time for spraying against this pest. Further studies are needed to determine correlation between the catches in pheromone traps and appearance of injuries.
5
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Occurrence and Population Density of Aphids in Apple Orchards of South Bulgaria

81%
Andreev R., Rasheva D., Kutinkova H.
Journal of Plant Protection Research
|
2013
|
tom 53
|
nr 4
In a 2006-2008 study, seven aphid species (Hemiptera: Aphididae) were detected on apple trees in South Bulgaria: Rhopalosiphum insertum Walk. (apple-grass aphid), Dysaphis plantaginea Pass (rosy apple aphid), Dysaphis devecta Walker (rosy leaf-curling aphid), Macrosiphum euphorbiae Thomas (potato aphid), Aphis pomi De Geer (green apple aphid), Aphis spiraecola Patch. (spiraea aphid/green citrus aphid) and Eriosoma lanigerum Nausm. (wooly apple aphid). The dominant species were D. plantaginea, found in 97.8% of the surveyed orchards. Two green aphid species from the genus Aphis were both found in 96.4% of the orchards. The rosy apple aphid was a more important pest of bearing orchards, where infestation in spring always exceeded the economic injury level (1-2% of infested shoots). The green aphids were more important in young orchards and nurseries, where they developed during the entire vegetation period and infestation sometimes exceed 50-80% of shoots. A. pomi was still more widespread, but A. spiraecola was found throughout all of South Bulgaria. As pests of apple, the other species were less common, causing lower infestations and minor economic importance.
6

Non-chemical control of some important pests of sweet cherry

81%
Andreev R., Kurtinkova H., Baltas K.
Journal of Plant Protection Research
|
2008
|
tom 48
|
nr 4
503-508
Some non-chemical insecticides were tested for efficacy of control of fall webworm, Hyphantria cunea (Drury), and of cherry weevil, Rhynchites auratus (Scop.) in the laboratory and black cherry aphid, Myzus cerasi (Fabr.) under field conditions. Hendreson & Tilton formula was applied for evaluation of efficacy. NeemAzal T/S (azadirahtin) at the concentration 0.5% and Naturalis (Beauveria bassiana) used at 0.2% or 0.3% have shown the best results against black cherry aphid. Good results were also obtained with Pyrethrum FS (pyrethrin + sesame oil + soft potassium soap) used at 0.05% or 0.1%, with NeemAzal T/S at 0.3%, PreFeRal WG (Paecilomyces fumosoroseus) at 0.2% and with Naturalis at 0.1%. The effect of PreFeRal WG, applied at 0.1% was unsatisfactory. Against the fourth instar larvae of fall webworm, excellent results were noted for Pyrethrum (0.05% and 0.1%) and Naturalis (0.1% and 0.2%). Very good effects were also obtained with the BMP 123WP (Bacillus thuringiensis), used in concentration of 0.1%. NeemAzal T/S - 0.5% had still good, albeit lower, efficacy. Against the cherry weevil only Pyrethrum FS was tested. This insecticide resulted in a very good efficacy, when used at the concentration 0.1% and still satisfactory - at 0.05%.
7

Aphids in apple orchards in Central-South Bulgaria

81%
Andreev R., Rasheva D., Kutinkova H.
Journal of Plant Protection Research
|
2007
|
tom 47
|
nr 1
Observations were carried out in apple orchards and nurseries of the Plovdiv region (Central-South Bulgaria), aimed at determining specific composition, population density and economic importance of particular species of aphids, in the years 2004-2006. By surveys, carried out at 15-day intervals, the appearing species were identified and the degree of damage determined. Six species of aphids were found: Aphis spiraecola Patch., A. pomi Deg., Dysaphis plantaginea Pass., D. devecta Wlk. Rhopalosiphum insertum Wlk. and Eriosoma lanigerum Hsm. A. spiraecola, a poliphagous pest, was probably brought with the plant material from Greece and was identified in Bulgaria for the first time. It is similar to A. pomi and may be distinguished only by the microscopic investigation. Aphis spiraecola replaced almost completely A. pomi in the region studied. Its population was particularly high in nurseries. In the bearing orchards D. plantaginea was the most important aphid. Some tendency to an increase of population and damage caused by D. devecta was also noted. The other species had not any economic importance. E. lanigerum was present only in the orchards where no chemical control was applied.
8

Seasonal flight dynamics of the apple clearwing moth [Synanthedon myopaeformis Borkh., Lepidoptera: Sesiidae] based on catches in pheromone traps

71%
Kutinkova H., Andreev R., Subchev M., Szocs G., Toth M.
Journal of Fruit and Ornamental Plant Research
|
2006
|
tom 14
|
nr Suppl.3
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