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1

Intrinsic regulators of OPC activation during CNS remyelination-role of Sox2

100%
Zhao C.
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis
|
2015
|
tom 75
|
nr Supl.
Understanding the mechanisms of CNS remyelination is central to developing effective means by which this process can be therapeutically enhanced in chronic demyelinating disease such as multiple sclerosis. Progression of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) to mature oligodendrocytes in response to signals in injury environment holds the key for successful myelin regeneration. Here we discuss the role of Sox2, a transcription factor widely implicated in stem cell biology, in CNS myelination and remyelination. We show that Sox2 is expressed in most OPCs at active period of developmental CNS myelination at early postnatal stage but diminished in adults in oligodendrocyte lineage cells. When demyelinating injury occurs the expression of Sox2 in OPCs is transiently increased but down-regulated upon differentiation. Using genetic fate mapping, gain of function and loss of function experiments, we demonstrated that Sox2 sustains the recruitment of OPCs and its up-regulation is essential for CNS remyelination. These findings suggest that Sox2 and its downstream regulatory factors may play an important role in the activation of OPCs following CNS demyelination and subsequent remyelination.
2

The environment, energy and economic impacts of carbon tax and indirect tax in the coal industry

63%
Wang J., Zhao C.
Polish Journal of Environmental Studies
|
2019
|
tom 28
|
nr 5
The CO₂ emissions from China’s coal consumption account for 14.3% of the world’s CO₂ emissions. The taxation of China’s coal industry affects the progress of world emissions reduction to some extent. This paper establishes six countermeasure scenarios with different tax systems considering carbon tax and indirect tax, then constructs a dynamic recursive computable general equilibrium model to simulate the tax system changes of the coal industry. It turns out that in both rural and urban populations, coal consumption is more sensitive to the carbon tax and indirect tax compared with the consumption of other commodities. The reduction effect of increasing tax will grow and social reduction cost will be reduced over time. Increasing the coal industry tax can reduce CO₂ emissions significantly and will suffer relatively less GDP loss, for example increasing 20% of indirect tax on the coal industry will lead to 3.65 billion tons of CO₂ reduction during 2018-2030, accounting for 10.05% of 2015 world CO₂ emissions. We found that increasing taxes can improve all industries’ energy efficiency, which reflects on the powerful role of the coal industry in guiding the market to reducing CO₂ emissions. Finally, these results strongly recommend that China should increase indirect tax as quickly as possible to reach the long-term interests as soon as possible.
3

Effects of soil warming and nitrogen fertilization on leaf physiology of Pinus tabulaeformis seedlings

63%
Zhao C., Liu Q.
Acta Physiologiae Plantarum
|
2012
|
tom 34
|
nr 5
The paper mainly studied the short-term influences of experimental warming, nitrogen addition, and their combination on physiological performance of P. tabulaeformis seedlings. Free air temperature increase system of infrared heaters was used to raise monthly average soil and air temperature by 2.6 and 2.1 °C above the ambient. NH₄NO₃ solution was added for a total equivalent to 25 g N m⁻² a⁻¹. Experimental warming and nitrogen addition induced a significant increase in leaf nitrogen concentration, Amax, Φ, antioxidant enzymes activities, ASA and free proline contents, but both of them sharply decreased AOS and MDA level. Interestingly, the interaction of warming and nitrogen fertilization further improved leaf nitrogen concentration, Amax, Φ, and antioxidant compounds accumulation, and also resulted in lower rate of O₂⁻ production than either single warming or fertilization. Obviously, the beneficial effects of warming and N fertilization alone on leaf physiology of P. tabulaeformis seedlings were magnified by the combination.
4

Species distribution models to estimate the deforested area of Picea crassifolia in arid region recently protected: Qilian Mts. National Natural Reserve (China)

51%
Xu Z., Zhao C., Feng Z.
Polish Journal of Ecology
|
2012
|
tom 60
|
nr 3
The earth is now facing the land degradation due to human disturbance, natural habitats were converted to rural and agricultural areas in order to fulfill the increasing demand of human population. The deforestation of Picea crassifolia (Qinghai spruce) forest at Qilian Mts is an example of such disturbance. P. crassifolia is an ecologically and hydrologically important plant species in the northwestern arid area of China. However, the forests have been intensively and extensively deforested. In order to restore the human-disturbed ecosystems, the spatial distribution of P. crassifolia needs to be delineated. This study employed Genetic Algorithm for Rule-set Prediction model (GARP) and Maximum entropy model (Maxent) and four environmental variables (mean temperature of the warmest quarter, precipitation of the wettest quarter, annual solar radiation, topographic wetness index) to predict the potential distribution of P. crassifolia in Qilian Mts. Genetic Algorithm for Rule-set Prediction model (GARP) produces a model of species niches in geographic space based on heterogeneous rule-sets. Maximum entropy model (Maxent) focuses on fitting a probability distribution for occurrence based on the idea that the best explanation to unknown phenomena will maximize the entropy of the probability distribution, subject to the appropriate constraints. The environmental variables were spatially interpolated throughout the entire study area. We used sensitivity-specificity sum maximum approach to select the threshold value. The projected niche space for the mean temperature of the warmest quarter is between 8.5 and 18.1°C; the space for the precipitation of the wettest quarter is between 149 and 245 mm; the space for annual solar radiation is 118–1100×103 wh m–2 and the space for topographic wetness index is between –0.4 and 5.1. The results show that both GARP and Maxent’s models produce acceptable predictions, but the overall comparison shows that GARP prediction is better than Maxent’s; the comparison between the observed distribution and the predicted distribution suggests that 61% (2869 km2) of P. crassifolia forests have been deforested.
5

Pyrethroid insecticide effect on platelet biomembranes of rats

51%
Li Q., Liu X., Maddu N., Zhao C.
Polish Journal of Environmental Studies
|
2020
|
tom 29
|
nr 1
6
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Plasma metabolic differences in cows affected by inactive ovaries or normal ovarian function post partum

51%
Zhao C., Hu P., Bai Y. L., Xia C.
Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences
|
2020
|
tom 23
|
nr 1
7

Regulation of the expression of lipoxygenase genes in Prunus persica fruit ripening

51%
Han M., Zhang T., Zhao C., Zhi J.
Acta Physiologiae Plantarum
|
2011
|
tom 33
|
nr 4
Three genes of the lipoxygenase (LOX) family in peach (Prunus persica var. compressa cv. Ruipan 4) were cloned, and their expression patterns during fruit ripening were analyzed using real-time quantitative PCR. All of the three peach LOX genes had been expressed during fruit ripening; however, their expression patterns were significantly different. During the normal ripening of peach fruits, the expression levels of PpLox1, PpLox2 and PpLox3 increased in varying degrees accompanying upsurge of ethylene evolution. After treated by methyl jasmonic acid (MeJA), the peak of ethylene releasing occurred in advance, and the declining rate of fruit hardness was accelerated, the expression level of the three peach LOX genes in fruits markedly enhanced at the early stage of storage, but significantly decreased at the late storage stage. So, it could be suggested that all three LOXs relate to fruit ripening; however, their functions might be different. PpLox1 expression increase along with the upsurge of ethylene evolution in both control and MeJAtreated peach fruits suggested that PpLox1 probably played a major role in the peach fruit ripening. Expression peak of PpLox2 appeared at the 1 DAH (days after harvest) in both control and MeJA-treated peach fruits, while obvious changes in ethylene evolution and fruit hardness was not observed, which suggested that the rise of PpLox2 expression can be induced by certain stimulation related to ripening, such as harvesting stress and MeJA treatment. The expression of PpLox3 kept a lower level in the natural ripening fruits, whereas raced up at the early stage of storage in the fruits treated with MeJA, which indicated that PpLox3 was expressed inductively and had minor roles during the normal ripening of peach fruits, but when encountered with external stimulation, its expression level would rapidly enhance and accelerate the ripening of peach fruit.
8

Influence of endogenous and exogenous RNases on the variation of pollen cytosolic-free Ca2+ in Pyrus serotina Rehd

45%
Xu G., Zhang S., Yang Y., Zhao C., Wolukau J. N.
Acta Physiologiae Plantarum
|
2008
|
tom 30
|
nr 2
The objective of this study was to examine whether S-RNase plays a specific role in the pre-germinated Pyrus pollen. Effects of exogenous RNase and endogenous S-RNase on concentration of cytosolic-free calcium ([Ca⁺²]i) variation of pre-germinated Pyrus pollen were studied. [Ca⁺²]i variation caused by different Rnases were complex. In 1 h after being cultured, exogenous RNase, RNase T1 and RNase A, and endogenous incompatible ‘Hohsui’ RNase promoted the [Ca⁺²]i of ‘Hohsui’ pollen. Acid proteins of ‘Hohsui’ had no remarkable influence on the [Ca⁺²]i of self-pollen. Endogenous compatible ‘Kohsui’ RNase reduced the [Ca⁺²]i of ‘Hohsui’ pollen, but compatible ‘Hohsui’ RNase can stimulate the [Ca⁺²]i of ‘Kohsui’ pollen. RNase T1, RNase A and incompatible ‘Kohsui’ S-RNase can also make ‘Kohsui’ pollen [Ca⁺²]i increase. Different from ‘Hohsui’ pollen, acid proteins of ‘Hohsui’ pull down the ‘Kohsui’ pollen [Ca⁺²]i remarkably. Conclusion can be made that during the prophase of pollen germination, endogenous S-RNase has no specific effect on pollen [Ca⁺²]i changes.
9

Heavy metals pollution characteristics and health risk assessment of farmland soils and agricultural products in a mining area of Henan Province, China

45%
Zhang F., He Y., Zhao C., Kou Y., Huang K.
Polish Journal of Environmental Studies
|
2020
|
tom 29
|
nr 5
10

Edge effects on tree growth and species diversity in forests of different types and ages

45%
Li J., Zhao C., Peng Y., Hu Y., Yuan X.
Polish Journal of Ecology
|
2018
|
tom 66
|
nr 3
Edge to interior gradients in forest ecosystems can influence the species composition and community structure as a result of variations in micro-environment. In this study, the edge effects on stand productivity and plant species diversity were investigated in two adjacent types of forests in central-southern China: Chinese fir adjacent with pine forests and Chinese fir adjacent with broad-leaved forests. A total of 48 sample plots for overstory and 240 sample quadrates for understory in different stand ages were set up. The tree growth parameters were measured in the overstory while the plant species diversity was measured in both overstory and understory of the examined forests. The results showed that DBH (tree diameter at the breast height), tree height and stand volume in overstory increased from the central areas (CA) of forests to the edge areas (EA), and the plant species richness and diversity in understory were greater in EA than in CA. The edge effect was greater in Chinese fir paired with broad-leaved forests than in Chinese fir paired with pine forests. The edge effect decreased in an order as young aged stands > middle aged stands > mature aged stands in the studied forests. The changes in tree growth and species diversity in the edge area compared to the interior were mainly attributed to the alteration of micro-environmental factors such as light density, temperature and moisture. Our results suggest increasing forest productivity and plant species diversity could be achieved by making more edges in the forests.
11

Effect of negative energy balance on plasma metabolites, minerals, hormones, cytokines and ovarian follicular growth rate in Holstein dairy cows

39%
Song Y., Wang Z., Zhao C., Bai Y., Xia C., Xu C.
Journal of Veterinary Research
|
2021
|
tom 65
|
nr 3
12
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Functional traits related to environmental divergence in combination with phylogenetic relationship of Picea species

39%
Wang M., Wang J., Zhang A., Zhang X., Sun S., Zhao C.
Dendrobiology
|
2018
|
tom 80
13

Plasma metabolic characterisation of dairy cows with inactive ovaries and oestrus during the peak of lactation

39%
Song Y. X., Hu P., Bai Y. L., Zhao C., Xia C., Xu C.
Journal of Veterinary Research
|
2019
|
tom 63
|
nr 3
14

Dissecting of microenviromental nishes for OPC differentiation

39%
Ulanska J., Zhao C., Pohl H., Suter U., Kaminska B., Franklin R. J. M., Zawadzka M.
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis
|
2011
|
tom 71
|
nr S
New myelinating oligodendrocytes during CNS remyelination are derived from proliferating oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPC). Using cre/lox technology for OPC fate mapping we have previously demonstrated that these cells give rise not only to oligodendrocytes but also astrocytes and Schwann cells in response to demyelination. We have demonstrated that Schwann cells, derived form OPC, occupied almost exclusively the tissue around blood vessels in astrocyte-deficient areas. It suggests that the peri-vascular microenvironmental niche is the critical determinant of this alternative fate choice phenomenon. The aim of present study was to identify and characterise the microenviromental factors and their downstream cellular effectors determining the fate of adult CNS precursor cells which could be modulated in order to control the remyelination process. We used a well-defined demyelination model that involves bilateral stereotaxic injection of ethidium bromide into the brain white matter of adult rats. At 6 and 10 days after lesion animals were sacrificed and the fresh frozen sections were subjected to immunohistochemical detection of endothelial cell markers, to establish the area of vascular and non-vascular niches. Tissue was then microdissected from pre-defined niches by using infrared and ultraviolet laser capture microdissection system. The microdissected cells represent the in vivo state of the cells at the time of cells recruitment and early differentiation. The tissue was collected as a separate niche pools and RNA was extracted for global gene expression analysis. The major outcome of present work is identification of microenviromental factors and quantitative spatial and temporal profile of their expression in the specific niche. Our data serves as a starting point to explore in details the molecular pathways involved in multipotentiality of precursor cells induced by mixed extrinsic microeviromental signals.
15

An orthogonal test of the effect of NO3−, PO43−, K+, and Ca2+ on the growth and ion absorption of Elaeagnus angustifolia L. seedlings under salt stress

39%
Li L., Zhu T., Liu J., Zhao C., Li L., Chen M.
Acta Physiologiae Plantarum
|
2019
|
tom 41
|
nr 11
Excess salts in soil severely inhibit plant growth and yield. Various nutrients can relieve the inhibitory effect of salt on plants. Elaeagnus angustifolia is a tree species that is utilized in landscaping and ecological restoration in China and shows tolerance to saline soils. In this experiment, we first determined the optimal concentration of single-nutrient inputs for promoting growth of E. angustifolia seedlings and alleviating salt stress. The optimal nitrogen (NO₃⁻), phosphorus (PO₄³ ⁻), potassium (K⁺ ), and calcium (Ca²⁺ ) concentrations under salt stress were 2, 0.6, 2, and 2 mM, respectively. Based on this result, we carried out an optimum nutrient ratio experiment by a four-factor and three-level orthogonal experiment. The results showed that under normal growth conditions, the optimal nutrient combinations for NO₃⁻, PO₄³ ⁻, K⁺ , and Ca²⁺ were 2, 0.6, 5, and 1 mM; 5, 0.2, 5, and 2 mM; and 5, 0.6, 1, and 5 mM, respectively, which increased plant height, biomass, and the chlorophyll content of E. angustifolia seedlings. Under salt stress, the optimal nutrient combinations were 5, 0.2, 5, and 2 mM; and 5, 0.6, 1, and 5 mM, respectively. This study provides a theoretical basis for optimal fertilization of E. angustifolia seedlings in saline-alkali soils.
16
Content available remote

Stereoselectivity of tradinterol's inhibition on proliferation of airway smooth muscle cells induced by acetylcholine through suppressing Ca2plus signaling

33%
Song X., Zhang Y., Wang H., Wen H., Zhao C., Lan Y., Pan L., Zhang C., Cheng M.
Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
|
2016
|
tom 67
|
nr 3
17
Content available remote

Microdomain elements of airway smooth muscle in calcium regulation and cell proliferation

33%
Zhao C., Woo A. Y.-H., Yu X., Gu Y., Lu Y., Song X., An N., Zhang Y.
Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
|
2018
|
tom 69
|
nr 2
18

Genome-wide identification and expression profiling analysis of brassinolide signal transduction genes regulating apple tree architecture

33%
Zheng L., Ma J., Song C., An N., Zhang D., Zhao C., Qi S., Han M.
Acta Physiologiae Plantarum
|
2017
|
tom 39
|
nr 08
19

Soil nematode trophic groups in four different plantations in southern China: implications for restoration

33%
Zhao C., Sun F., Yu C., Zhu L., Li Y., Zhou Z., Yang G., Wang W., Miao R.
Polish Journal of Environmental Studies
|
2018
|
tom 27
|
nr 3
Intensive anthropogenic disturbances have caused forest ecosystem degradation and soil erosion. Exotic fast-growing species are selected as pioneer species for restoration in degraded hilly lands of southern China. To better understand the potentials of the soil nematode trophic group composition in carbon sequestration, we investigated nematode trophic groups in Acacia, Eucalyptus, and Schima (native species as control) monoculture plantations in southern China after 23 years of reforestation. Our results showed that although total soil nematode abundance was not affected, the Acacia plantation significantly altered nematode trophic group composition over native species. Bacterivore and microbivore abundance, trophic diversity, and microbivore-driven soil organic carbon storage were higher in Acacia mangium than Schima superba. In contrast, plant parasitic nematode abundance and fungivore/bacterivore ratio were lower in Acacia mangium than Schima superba. As a result, Acacia mangium as a fast-growing pioneer tree species could be widely planted to maintain soil biodiversity and store carbon in restoring degraded forests in southern China. Eucalyptus exserta plantation enlarged the soil nematode community, including bacterivores, fungivores, and herbivores, suggesting that there is almost no allelopathy when eliminating anthropogenic disturbance in this study. Reasonable management is crucial for providing timber products and improving the ecological function of Eucalyptus plantations. Our results also highlight the critical roles of soil water and nutrient availability in regulating soil nematode trophic group composition and carbon sequestration.
20

Foliar responses of Abie fargesii Franch. to altitude in the Taibai Mts, China

33%
Xu P., Zhang X., Zhao C., Chen L., Gao X., Yao B., Deng J., Deng Y.
Polish Journal of Ecology
|
2014
|
tom 62
|
nr 3
Physiological and ecological adaptations of altitudinal gradients reveal alpine plants’ ecological and evolutionary responses to environmental changes. Here we quantitatively investigated the variation in the foliar physiological and morphological traits of alpine tree species (Abies fargesii) along the altitudinal gradient in the Taibai Mountains, China. We collected the needle samples of Taibai fir (A. fargesii) from seven sites at altitudes of 2550, 2650, 2750, 2850, 2950, 3050 and 3150 m, respectively, and measured the 12 foliar physiological and morphological traits. Each set of needle sample (100 needles) was randomly selected from the upper- third of A. fargesii canopies. The results showed that leaf mass per unit area (LMA), stable carbon isotope composition (δ13C), stomatal rows (SR), leaf carbon concentration per unit area (Carea), leaf nitrogen concentration per unit leaf mass (Nmass) and area (Narea) linearly increase significantly while stomatal density (SD), number of stomata per unit nitrogen concentration (St/N) and per unit leaf mass (St/LM) decrease with the altitudes raise. Moreover, all measured traits presented both strong correlations and significantly linear relationships with the main climate factors such as the mean temperature, rainfall and relative humidity during the growing season as well as the altitudes, except for leaf free water concentration (LWC), leaf carbon concentration per unit leaf mass (Cmass) and C: N ratio. The patterns of foliar traits in response to altitudes imply that the alpine plants need higher cost (e.g. higher nutrient concentration) to adapt to the harsher environments along altitudinal gradient. Moreover, our results show that the variation patterns of the leaf traits for A. fargesii plants should be driven by the interactions of multi-climate factors because the abiotic factors that directly influence the growth of plants covary with the increasing altitudes.
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