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The present study is concerned with determining the cutting energy in dynamic tests, and the bending stress, shearing stress, and cutting energy in static tests for stalks of winter rape of the Jupiter, Jantar, and Jet Neuf varieties. A considerable variability was observed in the mechanical parameters of winter rape stalks, along the length of the stalks as well as in the course of the phenological stages of the plants. The studies also showed differentiation between the varieties. The character of changes in the values of the mechanical parameters along the length of the stalk is described by square polynominals. An evaluation is made of the effect of the stalk cross section surface area and of the stalk density on the variability of the mechanical properties of winter rape stalks in the course of the development of the plants. It was found that the stalks of the Jupiter variety were characterized by the lowest density as compared to those of the Jantar and Jet Neuf varieties. Also, the spacing of plant rows and the number of plants per m² were found to have a significant effect on the variability of the mechanical properties of the stalks of the Jupiter variety.
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In this paper the author presents a method for the determination of winter rape bending stress, the values of which were used to characterize the mechanical properties of the rape stalks. The study was carried out on the stalks of the Jupiter variety at the full silique phase of technical and full ripeness. The maximum bending stresses are determined by means of the measurable surface areas S and S’ of the stalk cross section. This study showed a considerable variability of maximum bending stress on the length of the stalks as well as in the course of the plants growth and development. It was found that the method for the determination of maximum bending stresses as a function of the cross section area of the stalk represents a realistic approach to the problem of testing the mechanical properties of rape stalks.
The author compares the mechanical properties of the stalk of winter wheat cultivated under field conditions and in a greenhouse. The measurements were taken on the main stems of plants cultivated on the experimental plots of the Plant Protection Station in Czesławice, and in a green house (in the latter case the effect of environmental factors on the formation of the mechanical properties of the stalk has been left out). Stalk rigidity, elasticity coefficient, and maximum bending stress, were determined in the process of stalk sections bending in an Instron strength testing apparatus, at the same time determining the geometrical parameters of the stalks, necessary for the determination of the above mechanical parameters, using a stem section meter. Measurements were taken for Liwilla and Beta winter wheat varieties, during the flowering, and the milk, wax and full maturity phases. The results obtained permitted for the determination of the variability ranges of the parameters tested on the length of the stalk during the vegetation period of plants grown under field and greenhouse conditions. A considerable variability along the stalk length was observed for all the phenological phases. It was found that mechanical parameters characterizing the material from the experimental plots show a greater differentiation between growth phases than is the case with the greenhouse stalks. In this case a clear effect of the soil-climatic conditions on the variability of the parameters is manifested. Moreover, a similar course of the curves of the variability of the mechanical parameters analyzed was obtained for all the phenological periods for both the types of experiment.
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W niniejszej pracy określano mechaniczne właściwości łodyg rzepaku ozimego odmiany Jupiter podczas rozwoju roślin. Stwierdzono, że warunki uprawy roślin wykazały istotny wpływ na zmienność mechanicznych właściwości łodyg.
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