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The aim of investigations was the description of changes in the lenses of dogs with senile cataract. The study was conducted on 52 dogs (from a group of 125 cases of cataract) of mixed breed and pedigree, both sexes, aged 8-20 years, originating from the Lublin area. Senile cataract was stated on the base of clinical and ophthalmological examination, dogs with secondary local or systemic infections were excluded. Senile cataracts were most often noted in mixed breed (36 dogs - 61.5% cases) followed by Spaniels, Terriers, German Shepherds and Poodles. Among all cases the disease was more frequently noted in males (32 dogs, 61.5%) rather than bitches (20 dogs, 38.5%). In 36 dogs (69%) the disease had evolved from the nucleus of the lens, but in the remaining animals (31% cases) the cataract had a cortex origin. The course of senile cataract is bilateral, but not equal and not symmetrical. The mature form evolution has a 2 year course, independently of the eye or origin.
The peridontinum includes gingiva, cementum, periodontal ligament and the maxillary or mandible bone. The gingival mucous membrane forms the connective fibrous tissue. The space between the alveolar bone and cementum is filled up by the periodontal membrane. The mechanical function of the periodontal membrane consists in the fixation of the teeth in the alveolus as well as having a stimulating effect on the proper process of bone remodeling. At the moment of trauma the periodontinum can be damaged. The lesions are divided into subluxation, luxation or dental prolapse from the alveolus. The case of a German shepherd with right canine maxillary tooth luxation was described. On account of the surviving time of peridontinum cells treatment of dental luxation belongs to emergency procedures. The optimal time of intervention is 30 minutes from injury.
Gunshot wounds in animals can be the consequence of fire arms as well as pneumatic arms. Apart from tissue injury, the fire arm bullet, especially the big gauge one, cause traumatic shock. The kinetic energy of the pneumatic fire pellet is obviously too low to cause traumatic shock. However, it could be sufficient for a deep penetration of soft tissues and in the case of damage to important life organs, can be the cause of an animal's death. This is exemplified by the case of a 7-month-old dog, 25 kg weight, shot with a pneumatic fire pellet gauge 4.5 mm, weighing only 0.4 g. The pellet punctured the densely hair-covered skin and the thoracic wall between the 10th and 11th rib, 1.5 cm below the vertebral column, passing through caudal lobes of the lungs and the aortic wall. This resulted in massive peripleural haemorrhage to tissues surrounding the aorta, with consequent blood permeation in the pleural cavities. Death was the effect of hypovolemic shock. The described case makes us aware of the real danger of modern pneumatic arms for dogs and cats.
In this study, 121 dogs with lachrymal duct obstructions were treated surgically. For diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, dogs with inherited atresia and a narrowing of the lachrymal punctum were treated by cutting off triangular fragments of conjunctiva microsurgically right over them. In cases where the lachrymal duct was absent, dogs were operated with the insertion of a silicone implant. Eight weeks after surgery the lachrymal duct was opened. In all dogs, follow-up observations confirmed their full recovery.
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