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A previously developed and highly sensitive umu-microplate test system based on the nitroreductase- and O-acetyltransferase-overproducing strain Salmonella typhimurium NM3009 and the O-acetyltransferase-overproducing strain S. typhimurium NM2009 was applied to the detection of genotoxic activity in atmo­spheric particles in urban areas using a relatively small sample load. The results showed that the test system was able to detect slight increases in induced genotoxicity in atmospheric particles and that genotoxicity was detected mainly in the fine fraction but also partially in the coarse fraction. The present sensitive microplate test system has potential for application to the screening of various other environmental samples.
This study was carried out to determine the effects of novobiocin, a gyrase inhibitor, on the growth, survival, motility and whole cell proteins of S. Typhimurium dam and/or seqA strains. Our results showed that the dam and seqA/dam mutants are the most sensitive to novobiocin, compared to wild type and seqA strains. Surprisingly, the motility of seqA mutants increased after exposure to novobiocin only in stationary phase cells. All the other strains showed a significant decrease in their motility. The analysis of protein profiles of all strains demonstrated several modifications as manifested by the alteration of the expression levels of certain bands. Our work is therefore of great interest in understanding the effects of novobiocin on S. Typhimurium and the involvement of DNA methylation.
The aim of the study was to determine the influence of administering compound feed containing various fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) on the health of turkeys infected with Hemorrhagic enteritis virus (HEV) and with Salmonella Typhimurium (ST). Investigations were performed on 270 young male BUT-9 turkeys which were divided into three groups (I-III) consisting of 90 birds in each group. Group I received a compound feed without FOS, while group II and III received feed with a 2% addition of chicory fine flour and standard fructo-oligosaccharide from chicory, respectively. At the age of eight weeks 13 birds from every group were injected per os with HE virus at a dose of 104,6EID50/ml. After five days three birds from each group were slaughtered with the aim of defining their susceptibility to HEV and the 10 remaining turkeys were infected with ST: 1 ml of a bacterial suspension PBS with a concentration of 9×109 jtk/ml into the croup. The birds were clinically observed for 12 days. Blood samples were controlled from five birds from each group on days 5 and 12 following infection, after which three of the turkeys were slaughtered, anatomopathologically examined and cuttings of the liver and caecum were collected for bacteriological examination. The results of the study indicate that the turkeys which received feed containing FOS did not succumb to ST infection because, five days following infection, bacteria was isolated only from the caecum, whereas it was additionally isolated from the liver in the case of turkeys who had received feed not containing FOS. The biochemical results from the groups of turkeys fitting within physiological norms and receiving feed containing FOS proves that there was no general ST infection and that FOS do not negatively influence turkeys' organisms. Five days after infection there was an increase of LDH activity in the three groups of turkeys receiving feed without FOS. The results of the study do not unanimously prove that FOS slow down ST infections but they do encourage further research on the issue.
The Escherichia coli Umu proteins are best characterized by their role in damage inducible mutagenesis. Recently, we discovered that the intracellular levels of the UmuD and UmuC proteins are kept to a minimum by the Lon serine protease. Studies with the Salmonella typhimurium UmuD protein (which is 73% homologous with its E. coli counterpart) revealed that it too is degraded by Lon, suggesting that both UmuD proteins share conserved structural motifs. In contrast, E. coli UmuD' is removed from the cell by the ClpXP serine protease, but only when it is in a heterodimer complex with UmuD. We have generated deletion mutants of UmuD' and have co-expressed the mutant proteins with UmuD1 (a non-cleavable UmuD protein). By assaying the sensitivity of the mutant UmuD'-UmuD1 complex to ClpXP, we have been able to map regions of UmuD' that appear essential for efficient UmuD'-UmuD heterodimer formation. Previous experiments have suggested that the in vivo posttranslational processing of UmuD to UmuD' is inefficient. We have, however, discovered that limited cleavage occurs in an undamaged cell, but that these small amounts of UmuD' are rapidly degraded by ClpXP, thus giving rise to the appearance of inefficient cleavage. The ClpXP protease therefore plays dual roles in regulating SOS mutagenesis: it keeps the basal levels of UmuD' to a minimum in undamaged cells but it also acts in damaged cells to reduce the elevated levels of mutagenically active UmuD' protein, thereby returning the cell to a resting non-mutable state.
Survival in an annual cycle of Escherichia coli, Streptococcus faecalis, Salmonella typhimurium and Salmonella typhi dublin were examined in non-sterilized lake water, water sterilized by heating in an autoclave (121°C/10 min.), incubated without light at 4 and 20°C, respectively. All examined bacterial strains generally survived for shorter periods in non-sterilized lake water than in sterilized lake water, and shorter at 20°C than at 4°C. Survival curves of these bacteria in non-sterilized lake water were similar to a logarythmic curve, whereas in sterilized lake water they resembled a sigmoidal curve regardless of incubation temperature. The time necessary for 90% reduction of these bacteria ranged from 1 to 32 days. It was generally shorter in non-sterilized lake water and longer for sterilized water; and it was shorter for Streptococcus faecalis and longer for Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium and Salmonella typhi dublin. All four examined bacteria were more quickly reduced in summer, and slower in spring, autumn and winter.
Przedstawiono wyniki badań właściwości mutagennych wód i osadów dennych obszarów przyujściowych Wisły i Odry oraz jezior Pojezierza Kaszubskiego, znanego regionu rekreacyjnego Polski Północnej. Badania przeprowadzono stosując bakteryjny test Amesa - wobec dwóch szczepów Salmonella typhimurium TA98 i TA100.
The aims of this study were: (i) to determine the incidence of Salmonella spp. by conventional culture methods in cream cakes, (ii) to detect invA gene by PCR for the confirmation of the isolates, (iii) to analyze isolates for S. Enteritidis, S. Typhi, and S. Typhimurium by PCR based on Sdf I, ViaB, Spy gene sequences, respectively, and (iv) to identify isolates in comparison to the reference strain by DNA sequence analysis. A total of 81 unpackaged cream cake samples were obtained from different patisseries in Hatay, Turkey. Salmonella spp. was detected in 13 (16%) out of 81 cream cake samples by the conventional culture method. Atotal of 45 isolates from the 13 positive samples were confirmed as Salmonella spp. by PCR. Homology among the reference strain and isolates and homology within the isolates was found to be 98.97-100%. Cream cake samples analyzed in this study were found to be contaminated with Salmonella, thus posing a potential health hazard for the consumer. To protect public health, food safety management systems such as HACCP, GMP and GHP could be carried out in cream cake production.
Monophasic Salmonella Typhimurium (1,4,[5],12:i:-), a worldwide emerging pathogen, has been occurring in Poland since 2008. Characterization of swine, cattle, geese, food, feed and human isolates obtained in the years 2011-2012 by pulsed field gel electrophoresis, antimicrobial resistance typing with microbroth dilution method was performed for the evaluation of their epidemiological importance for human public and animal health. The prevalence of monophasic Salmonella Typhimurium in Poland has recently increased and its proportion to classical biphasic variants reached 15.5% in 2012. The isolates revealed microbiological resistance to at least one tested compound and ten resistance profiles were found. The most frequent profile covered resistance to ampicillin, streptomycin, sulphonamides and tetracycline. Fourteen XbaI-PFGE profiles with an overall similarity of 52.4% were noted. Most of the isolates were classified to two PFGE profiles showing a 95.4% similarity. Finding of monophasic S. Typhimurium originating from people within the same XbaI-PFGE profile comprising also swine and cattle isolates indicate a possible role of animal sources in the spread of this pathogen.
Wzrost liczby zatruć pokarmowych wywoływanych przez pałeczki Salmonella odnotowywany jest w wielu krajach świata. Ta tendencja utrzymuje się od lat, mimo istniejących norm jakości sanitarno-higienicznych dotyczącej surowców przemysłu spożywczego, toku produkcji i żywności gotowej.
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