The aim of the study was to determine the frequency of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis occurrence in raw milk samples from north-eastern Poland. Samples of udder milk were collected from herds in which seropositive reactions on paratuberculosis had been confirmed in samples of bulk tank milk from production farms. Standardization and decontamination of milk samples from fast growing microflora was carried out prior to research which was performed by using the culture method. PCR technique was used to distinguish MAP from other mycobacterium, thus enabling the IS-900 fragment to be detected. The presence of MAP was confirmed in 2.4% of udder milk samples from north-eastern Poland, but none was confirmed in bulk tank milk samples from this region.
Equine gastric ulcer syndrome (EGUS) is common in performance horses and in foals. The prevalance of gastric ulcers range from 25-50% in foals, and from 60-90% in adult horses. Diagnosis of EGUS is based on anamnesis, clinical signs, gastroscopic examination and response to treatement. The most important clinical signs are poor performance, chronic colic and loss of appetite. All ages and breeds of horses are susceptible to gastric ulcers, and current therapeutic strategies focus on increasing stomach pH. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of gastric ulcers in slaughtered cold-blooded horses, as well as in sport and recreational horses. The study was performed on 597 horses divided into two groups. The first group of horses were slaughtered, the second group of horses were sent to the clinic with suspected gastric ulcer for gastroscpic examination. Gastric ulcers were found in the majority of test animals. In group 1, prevalence of gastric ulcers was 64%, while in group 2 the proportion of horses with gastric ulcers was slightly higher and was 68%. The study showed that the incidence of gastric ulcers in horses is very high; in all examined horses it was over 65%, while the percentage was higher in horses used for recreation and sport.
The specialists in many scientific fields define drought in different ways. However, the simplest definition is the lack of precipitation precluding effective agricultural production. Droughts are quite common in Poland and occur every few years with devastating economic consequences. The authors present the methodology of studying droughts, the occurrences of droughts and the consequential dangers as well as the counter measures.
The aim of the study was to analyze the occurrence of caprine arthritis encephalitis virus (CAEV) in white improved goats, colored improved goats, Saanen goats, Alpine goats and Boer goats, raised in three regions of Poland. The analysis of CAEV infection levels was carried out in goat herds from the provinces in mid-Eastern Poland. The analysis included four goat herds. In total, they encompassed 251 herds of the following breeds: white improved goat, colored improved goat, Saanen goat, Alpine goat and Boer goat. The identification of the infected animals and the assessment of the epidemiological condition of the herds was carried out using serological analysis of blood serum samples. The assay of CAEV-specific antibodies in blood serum was performed using ELISA test. As a result of the observations it was established that with regards to the provinces, the prevalence level ranged from 35.40% in Mazowieckie province to 81.10% in Lubelskie province, and the average infection rate of animals in the studied region was 51.60%. As far as the breeds are concerned, it was found that the observed infection rate of the Saanen goat population was significantly higher (p ≤ 0.05) than the rates for improved white goat (48.90%) and Alpine goat (50.00%). In relation to the colored improved goat, the calculated statistical difference was greater (p ≤ 0.01), and the percentage of infected animals was 32.10%. The analysis of the infection rate in the Boer goat herd revealed that 66.70% of animals are seropositive, and the statistical analysis did not show any significant differences in prevalence compared to other studied breeds. To sum up, it should be noted that the improvement of the situation may be attributed to consistent examination of goats and development of CAEV-elimination programs for herds. When creating programs aimed at the elimination of the virus it is also important to remember to raise the awareness of the farmers with regards to the detrimental effect of CAEV infections.
The goal of this study was to determine the frequency of anomalies in incisor teeth depending on the horse’s age, sex, diet, diseases and floating frequency. A total of 255 horses from three Polish voivodeships, Kuyavian-Pomeranian, Greater Poland and Upper Silesia, were examined. The testing of incisor teeth was non-invasive and protocol-based. The most common defects were sharp edges of incisors in the maxilla and mandible, as well as a shortened mandible in relation to the maxilla. A relationship was proved between incisor anomalies and the horses’ age, floating frequency and bad habits. Anomalies of incisors are a common problem in horses in Poland, but they do not cause serious problems in the use of these animals.
The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of Macrorhabdus ornithogaster (formerly Megabacteria sp.) in exotic and wild birds in Poland. A total of 399 birds of 45 species were examined for M. ornithogaster, using fecal smears (live birds) or cytological samples of the proventriculus undertaken at necropsy (the birds having died from various causes). M. ornithogaster was detected in 28.7% of exotic birds and 26.1% of wild birds. The microorganism was diagnosed most frequently in budgerigars (65.0%). A high rate of colonization was shown in macaws (41.6%), African gray parrots (33.3%), nymphs (26.9%) and lovebirds (16.7%). The prevalence of M. ornithogaster in canaries was 9.3%, in finches (Chloebia gouldiae, Poephila acuticauda, Amadina fasciata) 1.2%. In conclusion, the occurrence of M. ornitogaster in exotic birds is common in Poland, but in most of the cases the presence of this microorganism was not correlated with any clinical signs.
Pojęcie zespołu metabolicznego określa powiązane ze sobą zaburzenia metaboliczne, będące czynnikami ryzyka chorób cywilizacyjnych. Przewlekłe choroby niezakaźne stanowią wiodącą przyczynę wydłużenia okresu życia w niepełnosprawności, jak również wcześniejszego zgonu - według raportu Światowej Organizacji Zdrowia (WHO) z 2010 roku są one przyczyną utraty od 42 do 51 lat oczekiwanej długości życia, w zależności od dochodu gospodarczego państwa. W oparciu o dane uzyskane z badań: „Wieloośrodkowego Ogólnopolskiego Badania Zdrowia Ludności" (WOBAS Z), „Nadciśnienie Tętnicze w Polsce Plus Zaburzenia Lipidowe i Cukrzyca" (NATPOL PLUS) oraz badania w ramach projektu WHO „Multinational MONItoring of trends and determinants in CArdiovascular disease" (Pol-MONICA) oszacowano częstość występowania zespołu metabolicznego w populacji polskiej powyżej 20%. Zmiana stylu życia, a w tym zaprzestanie palenia papierosów i zwiększenie aktywności fizycznej, umożliwia korektę składowych zespołu metabolicznego.
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