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The process of plant selection by insects is mediated by repellents and attractants. Several compounds may be involved in this interaction. Thus intraspecific variation of the compounds concentration play an important role in the herbivory. The best tool for the characteristic of this variation is chemometrics. The strategy of the analysis with the use of literature data on terpenes and sesquiterpenes variations in Pinus caribaea needles in relation to Atta laevigata herbivory is exemplified herein. Simple cluster analysis and principal components analysis were used for the data study. Two factors were found to be sufficient to describe total variation in more than 90%. Factor 1 is responsible for repellent properties. From factor loading, the relevant chemical compounds were identified.
Introduction: Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is an important vegetable crop in Syria. Potato tuber moth Phthorimaea operculella is the main damaging pest of this crop. Many approaches were tried to control it. Objectives: This study evaluates the insecticidal activity of Juniperus foetidissima essential oil and two monoterpenes against potato tuber moth using fumigation bioassays. Methods: Essential oil was extracted from new plant branches of Juniperus foetidissima using Clevengertype apparatus. Potato tuber moth Phthorimaea operculella, (adults, eggs, larvae, and pupae) were exposed to different concentrations of the essential oil of Juniperus foetidissima for various periods. The significance of differences between treatments at p<0.05 were evaluated by one-way analysis of variance using the mortality percentages data. The LC50 and LC90 were calculated by Probit analysis. Results: Essential oil vapor with LC50: 0.3 μl/l air was very effective against potato tuber moth at the adult stage. However; adults sensitivity to monoterpenes varied: Nerol caused a 100% mortality at 0.025 μl/l air after 6 h, while the same concentration of citronellol caused 98% mortality. The 0.125 μl/l air concentration of the two compounds caused 100% mortality after 6 h. Conclusion: Results suggest the possibility of using Juniperus foetidissima essential oil as a fumigant to control potato tuber moth infestation in stores
Studies on new antibacterial therapeutics and strategies are currently being conducted in many microbiological, pharmaceutical and biochemical laboratories. The antibacterial activity of plant-derived compounds as well as silver and gold nanoparticles is the subject of this minireview. The application of photodynamic therapy is also discussed.
Praca prezentuje obecny stan badań nad mikrobiologiczną produkcją naturalnych związków smakowo-zapachowych, zwłaszcza laktonów, związków aromatycznych (waniliny i aldehydu benzoesowego) oraz terpenów. Szczególny nacisk położono na przedstawienie zalet, ograniczeń oraz perspektyw wykorzystania w tym celu procesów biotransformacji.
Emission of volatile organic compounds from cross section of pine wood (Pinus sylvestris L.). The level of emission of volatile organic compounds from heartwood and sapwood part of pine wood was determined. The tests were performed according to the chamber method based on the requirements of ISO 16000 standards. Air from the chamber was sampled after 3, 7 and 14 days. Within the whole test period the heartwood sample emitted several times higher amounts of volatile organic compounds than the sapwood sample. In both cases the composition of the analysed air was dominated by terpenes.
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