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The aim of the study was to compare the intensity of fly invasions during the grazing period in two breeds of young cattle. Studies were carried out on 26 2-year old heifers of Polish Red and 25 of Black-and-White Lowland breed. Flies were counted every day, for 6 days in July, on grazing animals between 12-13 pm. within 15 s. at angles in both eyes, on the nose, cheek, neck, side as well as on foreleg and hind leg. Flies particularly attacked the cattle during windless and hot days. The number of insects on the heifers depended both on body region and breed of cattle. House flies, and some species of grazing flies, mostly gathered in the angles of the eyes and nose. A lot of flies occurred also on the heifer’s sides, mainly in the case of Polish Red, and the majority of these flies were Stomoxys type. In heifers of Polish Red breed, the average number of insects in the examined regions was 15.3-27.8% lower than in Black-and-White. The explanation for this phenomenon may be related to the color of coat, which does not heat up as much as in Black-and-White, or the attractiveness of tears and mucus of Polish Red.
A survey to determine current prevalence and intensity of bot fly (Gasterophilus spp). infection in horses at necropsy was conducted on material taken from a slaughterhouse in S³omniki near Krakow from January to April 2005. 83 untreated horses: one-year old foals (n=22) and adult horses (n=61) from small farms from southern Poland were examined. Third level instars of Gasterophilus intestinalis were found in the stomachs of 7 horses (8.4%), and the intensity of infection was from 1 to 180 larvae (a mean of 69.7). Parasites were found in 6 of the 58 mares (10.3%) and 1 of the 25 stallions (and geldings) (4.0%). Foals were not infected. Gasterophilosis in horses from small farms kept mainly under houses system or limited pasture occurs quite rarely.
The aim of the study was to estimate the extensiveness and intensity of Hippobosca equina in primitive Polish horses. Studies were carried out on 13 mares, 10 sucking colts as well as 15 mares and 10 stallions at 1.5-2 years of age from July 25-30, 2005. The presence of H. equina was found in all animals, but the number of insects depended on the horses age and sex. The extensiveness (E.i) and intensity (I.i) of invasion fluctuated between 23-38.5% 0.6-2.2 in mares, 10-30% and 1.0 in sucking colts, while in 1.5-2 year-old mares and stallions E.i. and I.i. it was 40-80%, 2.1-9 53.3-86.7% and 3.8-6.5 respectively. A certain level of anxiety, which manifested in intensive tail lashing and frequent scraping of posts or tree trunks, was observed in the animals despite the minor level of intensity in the invasion which did not exceed 9 insects per animal. Skin Inflammations were also noted, especially in mares, which were unrelated to the amount of parasites existing in the anus and pudendum lips. The lack of interest in H. equina invasions in horses on the part of veterinary surgeons is probably due to difficulties in actually diagnosing them, since this insect exists in places which are invisible and difficult to examine in grazing animals.
The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence and intensity of gastrointestinal parasites in horses from various management systems. The study included 296 horses of different breeds and ages (from 6 months to 20 years), of both sexes, coming from various management systems: group 1 – horses using natural pastures, group 2 – horses pastured on field pastures created by man, group 3 – horses using sand areas. Faeces samples were collected directly from the rectum 1–2 days before worming. Each sample was examined macro- and microscopically (McMaster method). The number of oocysts/eggs per gram of faeces (OPG/EPG) and parasite abundance (average representation of parasites in relation to all animals). The results were subjected to statistical analysis using the Kruskal-Wallis test. Total prevalence of parasites in all groups was 66.89%: E. leucarti 0.68%; Anoplocephalidae 4.73%, P.equorum 9.46% and Strongylidae 64.19%. Total prevalence per group was the following: 1 – 57.43%; 2 – 26.69%; 3 – 6.38%. In all management systems, the dominating parasites belonged to Cyathostominae (group 1 – 77.65%, group 2 – 70.89%, group 3 – 4.25%). The prevalences of P. equorum, Anoplocephalidae, E. leucarti in each group were as follows: group 1 – 10.59; 3.53; 0.59%; group 2 – 11.39; 10.13; 1.27%; group 3 – 2.13; 0; 0%.The average intensities of Strongylildae, P. equorum, Anaplocephalidae and E. leucarti in groups were as follows: group 1 – 606.44; 519.44; 50; 50; group 2 – 472.32; 261.11; 62.5; 50; group 3 – 1150; 450; 0; 0. On the other hand, the average abundances in each group were the following: group 1 – 473.67; 55; 1.76; 0.29; group 2 – 334.81; 29.75; 6.33; 0.63; group 3 – 48.94; 9.57; 0; 0. The statistical analysis did not reveal statistically significant differences between the management system and invasion intensity. However, the analysis, taking into consideration a correlation between the management system and abundance, revealed statistically significant differences. The differences were observed between groups 1 and 3 (pi = 0.0000001) and between groups 2 and 3 (pi = 0.0000001).
14
84%
In 106 starlings (24 juvenile and 82 adult) 12 species of Nematoda were detected. Five species: Porrocaecum semiteres, Acuaria anthuris, Diplotriaena tricuspis, Thominx contorta, Thominx similis appeared to be new to the parasitofauna of Sturnus vulgaris in Poland. The extensity of the infection with nematodes of juveniles was 66,7% and adults 69,5%. All the species (except P. semiteres) were found in old birds.
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