The aim of this study was to evaluate individual farms which predominantly dealt with crop production, but also kept sheep. Information about the farms’ cash flow was collected by way of direct interviews with the owners of the farms. The cash flow analysis revealed problems with liquidity. Therefore, it was necessary for some farms to have financial resources available for periods of negative financial flows or to be able to sell farm products. The national sheep industry which focuses on the production of lambs for slaughter, gives the opportunity to improve revenue. This was especially necessary in the second quarter, in which a lack of liquidity was observed. The share of income from sheep production in total revenues ranged from 19 to 50%, and proved that keeping sheep as a supplementary activity was beneficial.
The aim of this study was to establish the effect of the genotype on performance of chickens. The experimental material included 1,320 slow-growing chickens with two genotypes Hubbard JA 957 - available on the Polish market hybrid with a declared slow growth and non-commercial hybrid CxGP, for creation of which a light native breed Greenleg Partridge hens were used. Chickens were maintained up to 63 days of age. During the experiment body weight, feed intake and health of the birds were under control. Based on the observations the growth rate and the feed conversion ratio (FCR) were determined. It was found, that chickens CxGP were characterized by lower body weight, slower rate of growth and higher feed conversion ratio compared with the chickens Hubbard JA 957, but chickens CxGP had a higher health.
The aim of the study was to determine the effect of free-range raising system on production results and carcass and meat quality of broiler chickens aged 42 days, using fast growing Ross 308 line. Day-old chicks were randomly assigned to two groups, 120 birds in each. Group I throughout rearing remained indoors on deep litter while Group II was kept at free range. Production results,carcass quality, physico-chemical traits of breast and leg muscles (pH15min and pH24h, L*a*b* colour space, water-holding capacity, drip loss, thermal loss, and shear force) were determined. Housing system affected the rearing performance of birds. Higher body weight and lower mortality were characteristic of Group I. Rearing system had no effect on dressing percentage, carcass colour and carcass quality. The majority of physico-chemical parameters of breast and leg muscles were similar in both groups.
Carcass characteristics and meat quality of extensive grazed Polish Heath Sheep. Slaughter value and fatty acid profile from group of rams and castrates, that were kept on fallow lands used for past 15 years only for sheep production were analyzed. Positive impact of extensive grazing on animals production results during grazing season have been shown. Slaughter analysis have shown beneficial effects of this form of grazing on fatty acid profile. Rams castration may be advantageous in case of conducting the production in such areas because number of animals groups is reduced and its affects cost reduction.
The study examined the effect of catfish production on smallholder farmers’ welfare in Osun State, Nigeria using the Odo-Otin Local Government Area of Osun State as a case study. A purposive sampling technique was used in selecting 109 farmers and a structured questionnaire was used to collect data. Descriptive statistics, gross margin analysis and a multiple regression model were used to analyse data. Results show that the majority (67.9%) of the catfish farmers were male, married (64.2%), with s mean age of 44 years (±13.1), and more than three-quarters (78.9%) had tertiary education. The majority of the catfish farmers (85.3%) raised fish to table size (grow-out) and 55.0% used static renewal technology. The average gross margin of ₦172,246 ($545) per production season (5–6 months) and BCR of 1.66 indicate that catfish farming is profitable and feasible. Regression results indicate that cost of feed and quantity of catfish harvested significantly increase the quantity of catfish sold, and quantities of catfish harvested and sold significantly increase food expenditure by farmers. Therefore, farm inputs (especially feed) should be subsidised by governments to encourage effective use of inputs to increase catfish production and subsequently, the welfare of farmers. Also, effort should be intensified at building the capacity of the farmers through education so as to enhance the adoption of technology which would invariably translate to better yields and income.
The paper presents an analysis of the regional differentiation of pig production in Poland in 2004. The research included volume of pig stock and production, purchase and slaughter of hog livestock according to provinces. Relative concentration was used for the estimation of the degree of irregularity of distribution pig stock among provinces. Florence location ratio was used for estimation of similarity of distribution of analyzed features. The empirical analyses were based on data carried out by the Central Statistical Office.
Effect of management system on production results and slaughter value of fatteners. The studies were conducted in the farm, possessing three management systems and production of fatteners on litter-free (SB), shallow litter (SPS) and deep litter (SGS). There were managed 200 (SB), 446 (SGS) and 883 (SGS) four-breed fatteners (Landrace x Large White) x (Duroc x Pietrain), with the preservation of standards in respect of environmental parameters. After completion of 2-stage fattening, in which full-ration mixtures (from body weight of ca. 30 kg up to 120 kg) were employed, the animals were slaughtered. The effect of management system on growth rate and feed conversion (FCR) and slaughter value of pigs was evaluated. Daily gains for fatteners managed in SB, SPS and SGS systems were equal to 983, 971 and 845 g and FCR amounted to 2.71, 2.63 and 2.97 kg. The obtained results may be considered as very good ones. The deaths did not exceed 2% what is a good result. Meatiness of the fatteners kept in three discussed systems was higher than 58%, was very good and comparable in the groups. Qualification of the carcasses to the appropriate classes in EUROP system occurred to be most favourable for SGS (93.44% carcasses in classes S-E) although in the case of SB, all carcasses were classified into classes with a higher meatiness, that is, S-U. The results of fattening confirm the advantages of floor management system and its main superiority as compared to the systems of deep and shallow litter, whereas the results of slaughter evaluation indicate rather certain advantages of deep litter system. It seems, however, justifiable to utilize - in practice – different solutions in respect of management of the fatteners, with the indication to litter-free system as being more favourable in respect of the obtained production results.
The paper studies the economic performance of sheep enterprises, the data pertain to 11 farms of the Lublin Province in 2012. There are 3 farms presented: one with the best farm income, one with the worst and the other with a “standard” medium farm income. The aim of this study was to compare the productivity (per 1 ha AL), where AL denotes arable land, and (per PLN 1) of direct costs on farms. The area of the farm did not affect the generated incomes. The standard farm had 19.07 ha AL and the best farm only 15.66 ha AL. A detailed analysis of the data allowed us to confirm the belief that direct payments did not affect economic results. The greatest support in the form of direct payments was in the “standard” farm.
Natural zeolites contain micro- and macroelements such as calcium, magnesium, potassium, iron and copper. The aim of the following study has been to determine changes in poultry production induced by adding naturally occurring zeolites as dietary supplements. The study was carried out on 20,000 one-day chicks of the fattening breed called Ross. The birds were divided into two groups: the control group (group C) and the group supplemented with 5% of zeolite added to the feed (group E). Observations lasted for 45 days. Weekly measurements of the body weight of randomly chosen chicks were taken in both groups, and dead birds were counted. The composition of faeces was analyzed with an absorbance test. The air composition was determined with an instrument specially designed for that purpose. Differences in the body weight between groups C and E reached approximately 10%. A decrease in the mortality rate among chicks was observed in the treatment versus the control group. Mineral substances such as calcium and phosphorus were higher by about 4.4% and 9.5%, respectively, in the experimental group. Less ash in faeces (by about 20.4%) and less ammonia in the air (by about 33%) were determined for the experimental group, too. The present results may have important implications for poultry production, especially the fact that zeolite supplementation increased the body weight gain and reduced the number of falls. In conclusion, it is recommended to include zeolite in feed additives.
Duck typically represents a smaller proportion in the poultry meat production of the world. However, certain European, as well as Eastern and South Asian countries produce a significant amount of duck meat. In the recent decades, production significantly increased both in these regions and worldwide. This study focuses on the international situation of the duck sector, as well as changes in production and trade trends. In addition, RCA indexes were used to examine the comparative advantages of duck meat and meat products in the world market of waterfowl products in the case of the most significant exporting countries of the world. It can be concluded that even though certain exporting countries have various trade and competitive advantages in the case of different products, other regions must face disadvantages.
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