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Wood chips composition and abundance of the impurities affecting the ash content are parameter of the chips quality that is important for the power plants. These parameters may be used as criteria in settlements between the supplier and the chipmaker. The determination of calorific value, ash content and share of individual elements in forest chips was undertaken. The wood chips obtained from the fragmentation of sawmill wastes and forest trees residues with various species compositions (Scots pine, multi−species and bundled Norway spruce residues) were investigated. The linear relationship between the ash content and the calorific value of the chips was determined. In all cases, the largest share (over 87%) in the composition of forest chips is assigned to the clean timber and wood particles with bark. The share of mineral impurities is within the range of 0.6−1.6%. The ash content in wood particles ranges 1.04−3.94% and is close to the values reported in the literature. In terms of ash content, the chips produced from bundled coniferous residues were the worst. The obtained results indicate that the best technology for obtaining high calorific value of dry wood chips (17.89−18.11 MJ/kg) with a low proportion of ash is the chipping of wood residues collected directly from the forest surface or from previously prepared piles. The least advantageous technology is the bundling of residues and their storage for several months (16.29 MJ/kg).
The purpose of the research performed in the Augustowska Primeval Forest (NE Poland) was to estimate the energy spent on preparation and transportation of energetic biomass in form of chips made of final felling residues and comparing it with an energetic output received at the power plant in nearby Białystok. Data was collected in form of working's day activity study on 18 clear−cut areas during 67 hours of research. Research proved that currently used methods of harvesting, processing and transportation of forest biomass in form of chips are highly efficient from point of view of energy balance. However, this efficiency can even be raised by localizing of felling sites closer to the power plant. In such case, energy spent on chipping would probably be the most significant input.
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