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Oat groats contain higher concentrations of lipids than other cereals. A number of surveys report a wide range (3-11,6%) of lipids in oats. Lipid concentration in parts of the oat kernel varies among cultivars, but the relative distribution is similar. Oat lipids contain from 70-75% non-polar lipids (NL), from 3-10% phospholipids (PL) and from 7-17% glycolipids (GL). Triglicerides are the major component of oat lipids; digalactosyldiglicerides are the major glycolipid component and phosphatidyloholine is the major phospholipid component. About 20% of the falty acids in oat groats are palmitic; about 35% oleic and about 40% linoleic acid. Triglicerids contain less palmitie and more oleic acid than the glycolipids or phospholipids. The non-saponifiable fractions from grain of oats contain the following sterols: ß-sitosterol (69%), 5-avenasterol (21%), 7-avenasterol (13,5%) and lower content of the campesterol, and the stigmasterol. Oat groats contain both tocopherols and tocotrienols.
Carp of the initial individual weight of 1020 g (+55 g) were fed in cages with four kinds of extruded, isoprotein feeds differing in the lipid content (7.5% in feed A, 11.6% in feed B, 15.3% in feed C, and 19.5% in feed D). The main source of lipids was a poultry fat. After the completion of the 52-day-long experiment the following values of the SGR and FCR indices were achieved (respectively): A-1.59 and 1.58, B-1.47 and 1.42, C-1.59 and 1.30, and D-1.59 and 1.29. The stage results, calculated every 7 days, as well as, the above-mentioned final values f FCR and SGR indicated, that throughout the entire period of study, the most favourable results of rearing were achieved while feeding the carp with the feed containing 15.3% of lipids, regardless of the water temperature, which ranged from 22.0-30.0°C at the time of the experiment.
Carp of the initial individual weight of 30 g/ind. (±5 g) were fed for 83 days with three kinds of extruded, isoprotein (47.5%) feeds differing in the lipid content (9.1%, in feed A, 12.9% in feed B, and 17.0% in feed C). The main source of the lipids was a poultry fat. After the completion of the experiment the following values of the Specific Growth Rate, SGR index were achieved (respectively): 2.45, 2.75, 2.59% The values of Food Conversion Ratio, FCR were as follows: 1.27, 1.10, 1.21, while the Energy Retained index was respectively: 23.7, 29.6, and 26.6%. In the present experiment consisting in feeding the carp fry in the conditions of cooling water at 13.1-31.2°C, the most favourable results of rearing were achieved using the extruded feed containing12.9% of lipids. The lipids consisted of 2/3 of poultry fat and 1/3 of structural fish fat.
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