Endometritis is still one of the most important disorders in cows during the post partum period. It is assumed that during the first week post partum uterine infections affect almost 90% of cows, and in 20-30% cases they turn into various forms of endometritis. In recent years the classification of endometritis has changed: it is now based on the pathogenesis of this disorder and requires a more complete diagnosis, which takes into account the spreading of the inflammatory process across uterine layers, the moment of the appearance of this disorder and the nature of its clinical symptoms (endometritis acuta, endometritis chronica, pyometra). This article discusses the state of current knowledge on etiopathogenesis, clinical signs and their relation to treatment methods. It is believed that intrauterine infusions of antibiotics should not be the principle method of treatment, because it has disadvantages in many cases. Other options for treatment that should be taken into consideration are intramuscular injections of PGF2α, intrauterine infusions of non-antibiotic substances, as well as - in cases of endometritis acuta - systemic treatment with antibiotics. Generally, every case should be treated individually, depending on the clinical form of endometritis. Modern treatment should also take into account the self-healing of the post-partal uterus. In general, an up-to-date treatment of endometritis in cows should depend on the diversified forms of this disorder and should also take into consideration economic interests of the owner of the animals (withdrawal period for milk, improvement of fertility).
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