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Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) result from the incomplete combustion of natural or synthetic organic materials. The working environment at a coke plant can negatively affect the employed workers who were exposed to coke oven emissions containing PAHs, which formed and released into the environment by the process of pyrolysis of coke. This study aims to analyze the relationship between the exposure of PAHs and the risk of genetic damages such as chromosomal alteration (CA), micronucleus (MN), and DNA damage (PCR-RFLP) in peripheral blood lymphocytes of 27 coke oven workers and equal number of control subjects. The exposed subjects and controls were divided into two groups based on their age (group I<35 years and group II ≥35 years). The exposed subjects were further classified into two groups based on the exposure period (<12 years and ≥12 years). The frequencies of CA and MN in exposed subjects are relatively high with respect to controls. The XRCC1 399 Arg/gln polymorphism showed a substantial smaller difference in allele frequencies between exposed and control subjects. Based on present data, it was concluded that coke oven workers under risk should be monitored for adverse effects of the any long-term exposure.
A questionnaire study was performed in 99 workers at a large sewage treatment plant to investigate self-reported health complaints from workplace exposure to bioaerosols. The study population was divided into subgroups according to different work stations: mechanical treatment (MT), biological treatment (BT), sewage sludge treatment (SST) and operation control (OC). The questionnaire included personal data, workpost and job characteristics, exposure to chemicals, history of employment and exposure, workplace hygiene and protective measures, smoking and drinking habits. There was also a series of 25 questions on subjective health complaints grouped into the following clusters: 'flu-like symptoms', 'respiratory symptoms', 'nose, eye, throat and skin irritation', 'neurological symptoms' and 'gastrointestinal symptoms'. Each subject was asked whether the complaints had occurred 'frequently', 'rarely', or 'never' within the previous 12 months. Air concentrations of endotoxins and (1›3)-ß-D-glucans in the worker's breathing zone were also determined. The measurements of concentrations were made in the summertime during a morning shift. To determine endotoxins concentration, the Chromogenic Limulus Amebocyte Lysate (LAL) Test was applied. The questionnaire data and determination results were subject to a statistical analysis. No statistically significant relationship was found between the reported health complaints and such variables as job title, exposure to endotoxins and glucans, tobacco smoking, age and period of employment as sewage worker. The findings revealed that among the complaints, muscle and joint ache was reported most frequently, while among the symptom clusters, the flu-like symptoms prevailed. These symptom clusters occurred most frequently in OC workers, and were least often found in SST workers. In the worker's breathing zone, the geometric mean concentration of endotoxins amounted to 20.3 ng/m3 and of glucans to 7.76 ng/m3, and was not related to job title or job characteristics. A high correlation was found between endotoxins and (1→3)-ß-D-glucans concentrations (Pearson correlation coefficient 0.86, p<0.0005).
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The clinical evaluation of newly developed asthma in an adult should always include consideration of his occupational environment, since an abundance of different exposures, which are known causes of asthma, occur in workplaces. Two types of occupational asthma (OA) are distinguished, by whether they appear after a latency period: 1) Immunological OA, characterised by a latency period, caused by high and low-molecular-weight agents, with or without an IgE mechanism 2) Non-immunological, i.e. irritant induced asthma. The first step of the clinical evaluation is to confirm a diagnosis of asthma. Second step is to find out if there is a temporo-spatial distribution of symptoms and lung function that are indicative of OA. Third step is to determine if the disease at hand is an IgE or a non-IgE mediated disease. Last step is a challenge test that can be either unspecific, in order to assess the responsiveness of the lung, or specific challenge test, especially for the non-IgE mediated OA. The depth of clinical evaluation may vary from a situation in which a classical history confirms the clinical symptoms in e.g. a baker with confirmed allergy towards well-known allergens and a characteristic pattern in serial measurements of lung function, to more elaborate investigations in a situation with no or unknown allergen. In the latter situation, a specific challenge test might be necessary in order to find the offending agent. Finally, challenge tests are important in order to distinguish a causal relation from unspecific hyperresponsiveness in persons with pre-existing asthma. In these situations, extended sick leave and challenge tests can be the only way to find the answer.
Introduction. Lyme disease (Lyme borreliosis, LB) is a systemic tick-borne disease. Its symptoms include dermatological changes and systemic manifestations such as musculoskeletal, neurologic, and cardiac. The etiologic agent of LB is a spirochete known as Borrelia burgdorferi (B.b.) with rodents and small mammals as its animal reservoir. In Poland, there are approximately 9–10 cases of the disease per 100,000 inhabitants each year. Objective. Analyis of the incidence of Lyme borreliosis and the clinical picture of the disease among foresters. Material and methods. The research material consisted of data collected in a diagnostic survey conducted by use of a survey questionnaire method. The study involved 100 randomly selected workers of the forest inspectorate in Podkarpackie Voivodeship. Group I consisted of men between 30–45 years old with an average length of service of 14 years (48%); group II consisted of men between 45–55 years old with an average length of service of 24 years (52%). Results. Only 25% of the foresters from the first group, younger in age and with shorter service, had never been bitten by a tick, while 60% were bitten once, and 15% had been repeatedly bitten. In the second group, older in age and with longer service, only 3% had never been bitten by a tick, 35% were bitten once, while 62% had been repeatedly bitten. LB was diagnosed in 30% of the research participants from the first group and in 45% from the second group. Most frequently, LB was diagnosed as a result of the presence of erythema migrans (55%), ELISA test (20%), and Western Blot test (22%). The most frequent symptoms among the participants were: erythema migrans (45%), fever and shivers (35%), muscle pain and cramps (15%), other symptoms (5%). Permanent presence of symptoms was reported by 70% of the participants, 25% experienced symptoms periodically, and 5% only sporadically. Conclusions. LB occurs more frequently among foresters older in age and with longer service (45%); in the younger group – 30%. Despite knowledge on preventive methods, there is no effective preventive method for this disease.
The aim of the performed experiments was to assess energy expenditure and static loads of the operator of a chain sawing machine harvesting timber in a pine stand intermediate cutting. The investigations included two technological variants. In variant I, all technological operations were carried out by one worker – operator of the chain saw, while in treatment II the operations were carried out by a team of three persons – two operators of chain sawing machines and a helper. The energy expenditure was determined on the basis of measurements of the ventilation of lungs, whereas the static load – using the OWAS method. The determined net unit energy expenditures of the chain saw operators in the experimental variants exceeded 20 kJ•min-1 and differed statistically significantly between one another. With regard to static loads, a greater proportion of positions negatively affecting the muscle-skeletal system of the operator were found in variant II.
Food intake, body mass index (BMI), serum lipids, blood glucose, systolic and diastolic blood pressure and pulse wave velocity were measured in the population of 2559 males aged 25-59 years employed in a foundry in Cracow in 1972-1974. Abnormal dietary habits were revealed. The share of protein in total energy intake was 11.7%, fats 37.1% and carbohydrates 51.2% (sugar 11.6%). The mean BMI was 25.3 ± 3.1 BMI above 25 was found in 44% of males under study. It has been shown that serum cholesterol, total lipids, esterified fatty acids, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and pulse wave velocity were positively correlated with BMI. It is concluded that obesity prevention and treatment should be recognized as. an important method in prevention of coronary heart disease.
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