Wyniki wyszukiwania

1

Results of studies on wolf, Canis lupus, breeding in Experimental Station in Stobnica

100%

Bereszynski A., Jindra I., Kraskiewicz A., Dworakowska M., Wieckowski J.

Animal Science. Scientific Papers of Agricultural University of Poznan

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2003

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tom 05

The basic requirement for the change in the present attitude of man towards wolves, and the guaranty that legal wolf protection in Poland will by effectively realized is the formation of ecological awareness. It is assumed that it will be possible to form a pack of wolves for the needs of the first "Wolf Park" in Poland being under development in Stobnica. "Wolf Park" permits a close and sometimes even a direct contact with this rare and mysterious animal. Parallel with the scientific function, the "Wolf Park" gives the possibility of a wide education by means of lectures, participation in seminars and by other educational forms. "Wolf Park" permits to shoot films and take photographs of animals in conditions similar to the natural ones and prepare materials for didactic and scientific purposes referring to wolves. Studies on the breeding of wolves have been uninterruptedly continued since 1996 in the Department of Zoology Agricultural University in Poznań, Experimental Station in Stobnica localized in Notecka Virgin Forest.

2

Speed and actual distances travelled by radiocollared wolves in Bialowieza Primeval Forest [Poland]

86%

Musiani M., Okarma H., Jedrzejewski W.

Acta Theriologica

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1998

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tom 43

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nr 4

The relationship between the straight line distances (SLD), obtained from telemetry locations, and actual distances travelled by wolves Canis lupus (ADT), measured by snowtracking, was investigated in Białowieża Primeval Forest, E Poland, in winter 1995/96. Radiolocations determined at 15-min time intervals approximated the ADT by wolves reasonably well. If wolves were relocated at 0.5- to 2-h intervals, SLD can be multiplied by a correction factor of 1.3 to obtain ADT. Within the range of SLD from 1 to 10 km, they could also be converted into ADT using a regression equation: ADT = 0.34 + 1.19(SLD), with standard errors of prediction ± 0.13 to ± 0.3 km. The average travelling speed of wolves was 3.78 km/h (SD 1.23, range 1.6-6.1 km). Wolves walking the forest trails, roads and frozen rivers moved significantly faster than in the forest. Also, individuals travelling with other pack members moved faster than those walking singly.

3

Preliminary results of breeding and formation of a native group of wolves, Canis lupus, for the first Wolves Park in Poland being actually developed

86%

Bereszynski A., Jindra I., Kraskiewicz A., Pietruszynska M., Wieckowski J.

Animal Science. Scientific Papers of Agricultural University of Poznan

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2000

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tom 02

4

Craniometrical characteristics of wolves Canis lupus from Poland

86%

Okarma H., Buchalczyk T.

Acta Theriologica

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1993

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tom 38

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nr 3

Skulls of 145 adult wolves Canis lupus Linnaeus, 1758 from two areas of the highest wolf density in Poland (78 from the Carpathian Mountains and 71 from the Białowieża Primeval Forest) were measured using 17 selected characters. Values of cranial characters measured were similar to those of previous studies from mid- dleastern Eurasia. Generally, wolf skulls were larger in the mountain than in the lowland population; males from the Carpathian Mountains were larger than that from the Białowieża Forest, however females were slightly smaller than that in the Białowieża Forest. On both areas males were larger than females, but a difference between sexes was much highly pronounced in wolves from the mountain population.

5

Food habits of wolves in Central Italy based on stomach and intestine analyses

86%

Pezzo F., Parigi L., Fico R.

Acta Theriologica

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2003

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tom 48

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nr 2

We investigated wolf Canis lupus Linnaeus, 1758 food habits in central Italy by examining stomach and/or intestine contents of 59 individuals. Road accident and illegal kills were main causes of the wolves' death. Ungulates represented the bulk of the diet (55% in frequency), and among them wild boar was the most important prey, followed by domestic Caprinae. Food items of domestic origin accounted for about 1/3 of all the diet. Diet composition did not vary between stomachs and intestines in spite of the higher degree of digestion of the intestines' contents. The frequent detection of numerous larvae of Diptera and/or necrophagous Coleoptera, let suppose the consumption of already dead animals, and suggests a general underestimate of the wolfs scavenging behaviour in previous studies based on scat analyses.

6

Food habits of wolves Canis lupus in Latvia

86%

Andersone Z., Ozolins J.

Acta Theriologica

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2004

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tom 49

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nr 3

Diet of wolves Canis lupus Linnaeus, 1758 in Latvia was studied from 1997 to 2001 based on 302 scats and 107 stomachs. Wild ungulates (cervids and wild boarSus scrofa) and beaverCastor fiber were the dominant prey. Cervids were found in 50% of samples (62% biomass), wild boar in 25% (21% biomass), beavers in 14% (12% biomass). Wolves selected for wild boar, especially in winter when its ratio in the diet increased to 34% from 20% in summer. It was a more common prey species in the east of the country. The ratio of beavers, small rodents and plant food was higher in summer, which resulted in a broader food niche in summer than in winter (B = 2.53 versus 1.81, respectively). The role of domestic animals in the wolf diet was minimal except for winter when they were consumed as carrion (13%). More than 1/3of all stomachs investigated were empty. The average weight of stomach contents was 972.8 g. The importance of the beaver as an alternative prey is discussed. We conclude that wolves in Latvia prey mainly on wild animals and conflicts with livestock owners are only occasional and/or local.

7

Wolf food habits and wild ungulate availability in the Foreste Casentinesi National Park, Italy

86%

Mattioli L., Apollonio M., Mazzarone V., Centofanti E.

Acta Theriologica

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1995

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tom 40

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nr 4

We investigated wolf Canis lupus Linnaeus, 1758 food habits in northern Apennines by examining 240 scats collected between 1988 and 1992. In the same area we also estimated densities of the most common wild ungulates. Wild ungulates were the main prey of the wolf and accounted for more than 92% of both frequencies of occurrence and mean percentage volume. During our study period we observed a decrease in the use of roe deer and an increase in the use of wild boar. Moreover selection of wild boar by wolves increased too, but selection of roe deer decreased by almost 400%, with moderately fluctuating deer densities. The impact of predation was generally greatest on young animals. Roe deer fawns and red deer calves were predated 3.14 and 2.18 times respectively more than available. Wild boar also were predated mainly in their first year but more often from 6 months of age than before.

8

Diet of wolves in the Bieszczady Mountains, Poland

86%

Smietana W., Klimek A.

Acta Theriologica

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1993

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tom 38

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nr 3

The diet of wolves Canis lupus Linnaeus, 1758 was studied from October 1989 to November 1992 in the Bieszczady Mountains, southeastern Poland. A total of 221 wolf scats were collected and analyzed to determine the prey species consumed by wolves in each season. Cervids (red and roe deer) obviously predominated in wolf diet and consisted from 65% of winter biomass to 96% of summer biomass consumed. The red deer made up approximately 95% and roe deer only 5% of total cervid biomass consumed. During summer deer fawns made up 28% of total cervid biomass consumed. The wild boar constituted more significant food only during winter - 17% of biomass eaten. Among wild boars, piglets were selected and made up 66% of total wild boar biomass consumed during winter. Domestic livestock represented more significant food in winter (16% of biomass eaten) and was consumed as carrion laid out by hunters to bait wolves. Other food categories as hares, voles and insectivores played a negligible part in the wolf diet. Spring, summer and autumn diet were little diversified. Only winter diet differed significantly from other seasons for the presence of wild boar and cervids.

9

Diet composition of wolves Canis lupus in East-Central Finland

86%

Gade-Jorgensen I., Stagegaard R.

Acta Theriologica

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2000

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tom 45

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nr 4

In east-central Finland, wall' Canis lupus Linnaeus, 1758 scats were collected from January to November 1997. The summer (May-September) and winter (October-April) diet were determined from 370 scats using four scat-analysis methods: frequency of occurrence, measured dry weight, relative volume and the linear regression model of Weaver (1993). An overall agreement of diet assessment was found between the methods. Moose Alees alces was far the most important prey species in both seasons, accounting for 88% (summer) and 96% (winter) of consumed mammal biomass, Other food types were: hare, beaver, badger, dog, pig, cattle, birds, small rodents, berries, insects, and fishes. The presence of domestic pig and cattle remains implied scavenging behaviour by the wolves. The inclusion of dogs leads to conflict between man and wolves. From 260 scats the summer diet of two wolf packs and the winter diet of one of the packs were determined. No notable seasonal difference in diet was found. An inter-pack difference in summer diet was found, resulting from a relatively lower exploitation of moose (69% versus 93% of consumed mammal biomass) and a corresponding wider use of secondary food types, especially hare, by one of the packs.

10

Long-distance dispersal of a wolf, Canis lupus, in northwestern Europe

72%

Andersen L. W., Harms V., Caniglia R., Czarnomska S. D., Fabbri E., Jedrzejewska B., Kluth G., Madsen A. B., Nowak C., Pertoldi C., Randi E., Reinhardt I., Stronen A. V.

Acta Theriologica

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2015

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tom 60

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nr 2

Several mammal species have recolonized their historical ranges across Europe during the last decades. In November 2012, a wolf-looking canid was found dead in Thy National Park (56° 56′ N, 8° 25′ E) in Jutland, Denmark. DNA from this individual and nine German wolves were genotyped using a genome-wide panel of 22,163 canine single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers and compared to existing profiles based on the same marker panel obtained from northeastern Polish (n = 13) wolves, domestic dogs (n = 13) and known wolf-dog hybrids (n = 4). The Thy canid was confirmed to be a wolf from the German-western Polish population, approximately 800 km to the southeast. Access to the German reference database on DNA profiles based on 13 autosomal microsatellites of German wolves made it possible to pinpoint the exact pack origin of the Thy wolf in Saxony, Germany. This was the first documented observation of a wolf in Denmark in 200 years and another example of long-distance dispersal of a carnivore.

11

Large carnivores in the Carpathian Mountains: status and conservation problems

72%

Okarma H., Dovchanych Y., Findo S., Ionescu O., Koubek P., Szemethy L.

Nature Conservation

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2002

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tom 59

33-39

12

Analyses of least cost paths for determining effects of habitat types on landscape permeability: wolves in Poland

72%

Huck M., Jedrzejewski W., Borowik T., Jedrzejewska B., Nowak S., Myslajek R. W.

Acta Theriologica

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2011

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tom 56

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nr 1

Determining ecological corridors is crucial for conservation efforts in fragmented habitats. Commonly employed least cost path (LCP) analysis relies on the underlying cost matrix. By using Ecological Niche Factor Analysis, we minimized the problems connected with subjective cost assessment or the use of presence/absence data. We used data on the wolf presence/absence in Poland to identify LCPs connecting patches of suitable wolf habitat, factors that influence patch occupancy, and compare LCPs between different genetic subpopulations. We found that a lower proportion of cities and roads surrounds the most densely populated patches. Least cost paths between areas where little dispersal takes place (i.e., leading to unpopulated patches or between different genetic subpopulations) ran through a higher proportion of roads and human settlements. They also crossed larger maximal distances over deforested areas. We propose that, apart from supplying the basis for direct conservation efforts, LCPs can be used to determine what factors might facilitate or hinder dispersal by comparing different subsets of LCPs. The methods employed can be widely applicable to gain more in-depth information on potential dispersal barriers for large carnivores.

13

Craniometrical characteristics and dental anomalies in wolves Canis lupus from Latvia

72%

Andersone Z., Ozolins J.

Acta Theriologica

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2000

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tom 45

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nr 4

A total of 187 skulls (115 adult males and 72 adult females) of the wolf Canis lupus Linnaeus, 1758 hunted in Latvia between 1975-1999 were measured, using 19 craniometrical parameters. General cranial characteristics were similar to those described from the wolf populations of Belarus and Poland (the difference was not statistically significant). Sexual dimorphism in skull size was determined. Most of the skull parameters from north and east Latvia appeared to be slightly larger than those from the Kurland Peninsula, being isolated by large cities, rivers and deforested lands. Also, anomalies in tooth formula were described. Deviations from the normal tooth pattern were found in 9.5% skulls. Congenital oligodonty and polydonty was found in 7.9% skulls. Polydonty was observed in 71.4% cases of tooth anomalies. Tooth anomalies were more common in males than in females.

14

Patterns of wolf Canis lupus predation on wild and domestic ungulates in the Western Carpathian Mountains [S Poland]

72%

Nowak S., Myslajek R. W., Jedrzejewska B.

Acta Theriologica

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2005

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tom 50

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nr 2

We studied the predator-prey relationships among wolvesCanis lupus Linnaeus, 1758, wild ungulates, and livestock in the managed mountain forests of the Western Carpathians (S Poland). Though roe deerCapreolus capreolus dominated in the community of wild ungulates and livestock was abundant within the study area, the three wolf packs preyed mainly on red deerCervus elaphus (42% of food biomass), and next on the roe deer (33%). In both species of deer, wolves preferred killing females and juveniles more frequently than expected from their respective shares in the populations. Wild boarSus scrofa made up 4% of the food biomass, in accordance with its low share in the ungulates community. Despite the easy access of wolves to numerous unprotected sheep flocks pastured on meadows among woods, livestock constituted only 3% of the wolf food biomass. Wolves preyed mostly on sheep (88%), killing on average 34 per year. Most cases of livestock depredation occurred in August –September, on pastures located most often >50 m apart from buildings. Usually, lack of proper guarding was conducive to wolf attacks.

15

Occurrence of black wolves in the Northern Apennines, Italy

72%

Apollonio M., Mattioli L., Scandura M.

Acta Theriologica

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2004

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tom 49

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nr 2

The occurrence of black-coated individuals in wolf Canis lupus Linnaeus, 1758 populations is not surprising itself, but their presence in populations recovering from a severe numerical decline has been considered a possible sign of crossbreeding with the domestic dog. In the northern Apennines (Italy), black wolves occur at a non-negligible frequency. In a 3300 km area, 22% of wolves observed and 23% of all dead wolves found were represented by animals with a completely black coat. One 'black' wolf belonging to the studied population was analysed by a set of microsatellite loci, and no trace of hybridization was found in its ancestry. This result induced us to consider the occurrence of a black phenotype in this area possibly derived from a natural combination of wolf alleles in coat colour determining genes, and not necessarily as the result of crossbreeding with the domestic form.

16

Studies on the behaviour of wolves Canis lupus L., 1758 in breeding conditions

72%

Bereszynski A., Jindra I.

Animal Science. Scientific Papers of Agricultural University of Poznan

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1999

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tom 01

17

Cranial and dental abnormalities of the endangered red wolf Canis rufus

72%

Federoff N. E., Nowak R. M.

Acta Theriologica

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1998

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tom 43

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nr 3

Skulls of 3 captive-raised female endangered red wolves Cams rufus Audubon and Bachman, 1851 exhibited severe malocclusion of the jaws. Cranial and dental abnormalities (including crowding of upper toothrows. and an extra tooth behind the lower ¡eft M;i in one of the three mandibles) were also evident. Ratios of alveolar length of maxillary toothrow to maximum width across the outer sides of crowns of P4 were significantly different (p = 0.008} compared to unaffected skulls. Significant differences were also evident when ratios of maximum width across inner edges of alveoli of P1 to alveolar length of maxillary toothrow and maximum width across outer sides of crowns of P4 were compared between the two groups. Although the three skulls all exhibited malocclusion, the abnormality expressed itself differently in relation to the effects to each skull. Captive inbreeding may increase the probability and frequency of expressing these anomalies, although inbreeding coefficients calculated for the wolves expressing malocclusion were not considered high (0.0313-0.0508J. A wiSd female red wolf specimen captured in 1921 in Arkansas also exhibited the malocclusion, although not as severely as in the captive females. This demonstrates that this trait was present in wild populations prior to, and not a result of, the captive breeding program.

18

The systematic status of the Talian wolf Canis lupus

72%

Nowak R. M., Federoff N. E.

Acta Theriologica

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2002

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tom 47

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nr 3

In the past, the gray wolf Canis lupus Linnaeus, 1758, has been recognized in Italy as either the subspecies lupus or italicus. It has also been postulated that this population has undergone introgression from the domestic dog Canis familiaris. In order to clarify these issues, multistatistical analyses were made of 10 skull measurements of 34 full grown male wolves from the Italian Peninsula, 91 other male Eurasian wolves, and 20 domestic dogs. The analyses, together with other morphological evidence and prior genetic research, support recognition of the Italian wolf as a separate subspecies, Canis lupus italicus. The same evidence indicates that the subspecies has not been affected through hybridization with the domestic dog.

19

Diet composition of wolves Canis lupus in the Northeastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China

72%

Liu B., Jiang Z.

Acta Theriologica

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2003

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tom 48

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nr 2

From August 1998 to August 2001, 119 wolf scats were collected from the desert in a pastoral region in northeastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China. The study area is the last habitat for the critically endangered Przewalski's gazelle Procapra przewalskii. Wolf prédation was hypothesized as a cause of the endangerment of the Przewalski's gazelle. The diet of wolf during the plant green period (June-September) and the plant withering period (October-May) were determined using three scat-analysis methods: frequency of occurrence, mass in scats and the ingested biomass obtained with the linear regression models of Weaver (1993). Limited to mąmmalian prey, total agreement was found between thedry weight and biomass methods, but less so between the frequency of occurrence data and other methods. Hare, yak, and small rodents were the important prey species of the wolves during the plant green period, each accounting for 33, 27, and 20%. Yak, sheep and hare were the important prey species during the plant withering period, each accounting for 53, 25, and 17%. Other food types were badger, Przewalski's gazelle, birds, reptiles, invertebrates and plants. The presence of the livestock remains in the wolf's scats may imply scavenging behavior by the wolves, because few cases of missing livestock were reported during the study. No notable seasonal difference in the diet composition of the wolves was found. The food niche of wolf during the plant green period (0.55 ± 0.02) was similar to that during the plant withering period (0.50 ± 0.02).

20

Selectivity of wolf predation on red deer in the Bieszczady Mountains, Poland

72%

Smietana W.

Acta Theriologica

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2005

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tom 50

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nr 2

A pattern of wolfCanis lupus Linnaeus, 1758 predation on red deerCervus elaphus Linnaeus, 1758 was studied in Bieszczady Mountains in 1991–2002. In total 324 remains of red deer > 4 months old, killed by wolves throughout the year, were found. The sex, age and bone marrow fat content of wolf kills were compared with the same characteristics within the free living red deer population. The overall contribution of calves killed by wolves (24%) in October-May was higher than in the population (17%), and decreased from autumn to spring. Adult males were more vulnerable to wolf predation than adult females: stags constituted 62% and hinds 38% of adult red deer killed by wolves, whereas in the population, the percentages were 37 and 63%, respectively. Stags killed by wolves were younger (ˉx=4.1 years old) than hinds (ˉx=8.9 years old). Wolves killed more > 8 years old hinds and < 5 years old stags than available in the population. In wolf kills, the average fat content in femur marrow was higher among hinds (84.9%) than stags (69.3%) and calves (66.1%). Only 8% of hinds had < 70% femur marrow fat content, whereas 40% of calves and 38% of stags had marrow fat values below that level. Marrow fat content showed seasonal variation and was the lowest in March among all sex-age classes. The monthly share of stags in all kills, and hinds in hind-calf part of the sample was negatively correlated with their monthly average bone marrow fat content, and monthly share of calves was positively correlated with monthly average bone marrow fat content of adults. The segregation of social units (hind-calf and stag groups), except during the rutting season, and the low fat reserves of males from midwinter until spring contribute to the high overall incidence of calves and adult males and the relatively low incidence of adult females among wolf kills.

Ograniczanie wyników

Results of studies on wolf, Canis lupus, breeding in Experimental Station in Stobnica

Speed and actual distances travelled by radiocollared wolves in Bialowieza Primeval Forest [Poland]

Preliminary results of breeding and formation of a native group of wolves, Canis lupus, for the first Wolves Park in Poland being actually developed

Craniometrical characteristics of wolves Canis lupus from Poland

Food habits of wolves in Central Italy based on stomach and intestine analyses

Food habits of wolves Canis lupus in Latvia

Wolf food habits and wild ungulate availability in the Foreste Casentinesi National Park, Italy

Diet of wolves in the Bieszczady Mountains, Poland

Diet composition of wolves Canis lupus in East-Central Finland

Long-distance dispersal of a wolf, Canis lupus, in northwestern Europe

Large carnivores in the Carpathian Mountains: status and conservation problems

Analyses of least cost paths for determining effects of habitat types on landscape permeability: wolves in Poland

Craniometrical characteristics and dental anomalies in wolves Canis lupus from Latvia

Patterns of wolf Canis lupus predation on wild and domestic ungulates in the Western Carpathian Mountains [S Poland]

Occurrence of black wolves in the Northern Apennines, Italy

Studies on the behaviour of wolves Canis lupus L., 1758 in breeding conditions

Cranial and dental abnormalities of the endangered red wolf Canis rufus

The systematic status of the Talian wolf Canis lupus

Diet composition of wolves Canis lupus in the Northeastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China

Selectivity of wolf predation on red deer in the Bieszczady Mountains, Poland