Little is known about the toxicity of aluminium; the issue is becoming ever more timely, particularly in areas affected by acid rain. Here are published some contributions from participants in a conference devoted to this topic, at the Research Institute of the State Department of Hygiene.
The paper focuses on the problem of natural water lifting in small river-lake systems caused by the different hydrological regime of the recipient (fig. 2B). The problem is shown on the example of Seven Lakes Stream flowing into Charzykowskie Lake (fig. 1, tab. 1, 2). The aim of the research was to investigate the range of the recipient backwater and its influence on the level and slope of water in the lower course of Seven Lakes Stream (fig. 4, 5, 6). The study was supported by statistical analyse of daily water stages measurements made in four water-gauging stations from 01.05.2000 till 31.10.2001. This period was characterised by favourable conditions to rebuilding the water storage after the years of water deficit (fig. 3). The lakes stages were significantly risen which allowed to find the events of backwater influence. Particular attention was paid on defining these Charzykowskie Lake stages which could cause the equalization or rising the water stages of the stream. This was the background to appreciate the number of events with the water lifting in two lakes localised in the lowest course of the investigated river-lake system in the period 1991-2005 (fig. 7). Prediction of backwater occurence in a longer period was developed on the basis of the analyse of the data from IMGW water-gauging station localised on Charzykowskie Lake.
During last 15 years at least 38 species from 16 genera of plant viruses were detected and identified in environmental waters, such as rivers, streams, ponds, lakes and in the sea. Infectious virus particles were found in field and greenhouse irrigation systems, hydroponic cultures, manure nutrient solutions, and even in semi-liquid sludge of sewage plants. Plant viruses were also detected in tap water, fogs and in the clouds. Presented paper reviews: - the methods used for detecting plant viruses in waters samples, - the forms and stages of infectious plant viruses in natural waters, - methods of long distance water-transmission of plant viruses including the origins of virus particles in surface waters and mechanisms of plant infections, - epidemiological consequences of water-born and air-born plant virus discovery.
The development of industry in Silesia has caused an enormous change in the physical environment, especially in surface waters. It has also caused an increasing amount of water to be incorporated into hydrological circulation and simultaneous decrease of available surface water resources. In Katowice Province, surface water resources expressed per capita are three times less than the rest of Poland. The deficit is made up by drawing from more and more distant refions. Another problem is the appearance of water reservoirs in basins caused by land subsidence due to mining.