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Right side heart failure occurs in dogs less frequently than left side heart failure. It causes serious hemodynamic sequelae in the form of peripheral stasis with transudates to body cavities, as well as causing stasis edema of parenchymal organs and their defective functioning. The study material included 10 dogs subjected to euthanasia due to clinical signs of the end-stage of right side heart failure. The animals underwent morphological and biochemical blood tests as well as heart and abdominal USG. Autopsies were carried out and liver samples were collected for histopathological assessment. The preparations were stained by the following methods: hematoxyline-eosine (HE), Van Gieson and Mallory. All the examined dogs manifested typical symptoms of right side heart failure in the form of ascites, quick fatigue and the loss of appetite. Most dogs demonstrated blue mucous membranes and mixed dispnea. The blood tests indicated an increase in leucocytes, GOT, GPT, FA, GGT, total bilirubin and urea levels. In the histopathological examination of liver samples, passive hyperemia and Disse spaces were found in all the cases. Lipid liver parenchyma degeneration was found in 90% of the examined specimens. Fibrosis in portal spaces was detected in 40% of the animals. Summing up, it can be stated that in the histopathological picture of the livers the dominant lesions caused by right side heart failure were lipidosis and passive hyperemia of the organ. This was reflected in the laboratory results of the examined blood serum liver profile parameters indicating inconsiderable liver function disorders.
The aim of the study was to determine the relationship between the values of the percentage ratio of ammonia nitrogen to urea nitrogen (%N-NH₃:N-CO(NH₂)₂) and other liver function indices and metabolism disorders in cows. The study was carried out in five farms and included 41 dairy cows, both primiparous and multiparous, aged 3-8 years. The average milk production of multiparous cows in previous lactation was 9122 kG milk/305 days. Blood samples for examination were collected twice between 0-30 days after parturition. Concentrations of free fatty acids (FFA), triglycerides (TG), aspartate aminotransferase (AspAT), total cholesterol (Chol), glucose (Glu), urea nitrogen (N-CO(NH₂)₂) in serum and ammonia (NH₃) in plasma were determined. It was discoevered that an increase in AspAT activity (AspAT > 106 IU/L) in serum during the first days after parturition is significantly related to the occurrence of diseases of metabolic origin. Higher values of %N-NH₃:N-CO(NH₂)₂ index (p < 0.05) were in =3 lactations cows with an increased AspAT activity. A significant correlation was observed between %N-NH₃:N-CO(NH₂)₂ and NH₃ (r = 0.76 p<0.001) and N-CO(NH₂)₂ concentrations (r = -0.60 p < 0.001) compared with a lack of relationship between N-CO(NH₂)₂ and NH₃ (r = -0.02 p > 0.05). The ureagenesis disturbances were three times more frequent in older cows (=3 lactation). The cows with an increased AspAT serum activity (>106 IU/L) and %N-NH₃:N-CO(NH₂)₂ index value (>0.73%) demonstrated higher concentrations of NH₃ and lower concentrations of N-CO(NH₂)₂ in the blood (p < 0.05). The obtained results indicate that an increase of %N-NH₃:N-CO(NH(NH₂)₂ coincides with the direction of biochemical blood indice changes characteristic for excessive lipid mobilization. However the evaluation of the ureagenesis disturbances and the dangers of ammonia accumulation in blood is possible only on the basis of NH₃ and N-CO(NH₂)₂ assessment in blood.
Investigations were conducted on the level of fatty acids in the livers of young and old cattle infected with Fasciola hepatica. Group I constituted livers with insignificantly thickened bile ducts; group II - livers with significantly thickened bile ducts, focuses of calcification and parenchymatouse degeneration of the liver; group III - livers with calcified bile ducts, isolated abscesses and lipids degeneration of the liver. Livers without invasion of Fasciola hepatica served as a control group. Sixteen fatty acids were determined in the livers: 5 saturated acids (C14:0, C15:0, C17:0, C18:0, C16:0), 6 essential unsaturated fatty acids (C18:2, C18:3, C20:2, C20:3, C20:4, C22:6), as well as 5 other unsaturated fatty acids (C14:1, C16:1, C17:1, C18:1, C20:l). Changes in the fatty acid level depended on the age of the investigated cattle. In the livers of young cattle a statistically significant (p< 0.05) increase in the level of the margaroleic acid (C17:1) was observed, while in older cattle there was an increase in the levels of the following acids: palmitic acid (C16:0), myristic acid (C14:0), margaroleic acid (C17:1), as well as a decrease in the levels of stearic acid (C18:0), pentadecanoic acid (C15:0) and linoleic acid (C18:2).
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