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The content of Zn, Cd, Pb, Ni, Mn and Fe in bottom sediments of water reservoirs in Cracow has been investigated. Concentrations of heavy metals appeared to be more related to reservoir type and age than location. The most polluted sediments occur in river meanders cut in present time as well as in reservoirs affected by waste disposal. Reservoirs located in open pits are not polluted. However, reservoirs without inflow and outflow are the most sensitive to the accumulation of toxic metals. These reservoirs seem to be the most suitable for recreation.
Cyanobacterial blooms, often observed in eutrophic water reservoirs, produce toxic metabolites known as cyanotoxins that affect animal health. There are five groups of cyanotoxins classified on the basis of their toxic action: hepatotoxins, neurotoxins, cytotoxins, dermatotoxins and irritant toxins. Microcystin (MC) is a very common and well described hepatotoxin produced by various genera, such as Microcystis, Anabaena, Planktothrix, Anabenopsis, Hapalosiphon and Nostoc. It acts as an inhibitor of serine/threonine protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) and 2A (PP2A), inducing hyperphosphorylation of cell proteins and a variety of toxic changes in hepatocytes often leading to liver insufficiency and death caused by hypovolemic shock. Since the reports on MC toxicity are on the increase this cyanotoxin should be treated as an important environmental factor affecting human and animal health. A brief overview of existing literature on the intake, mechanism of action, and hepatotoxic effects on mammalian animals is presented in this paper
Aphanomyces astaci is a fungus-like oomycete agent responsible for an illness called crayfish plague, reaching 100% mortality in infected animals. Therefore, the aim of the work was to detect and estimate the rate of infection of spiny-cheek crayfish (Orconectes limosus) by A. astaci in selected water reservoirs of north-western Poland, as this crayfish is described as a main cause of crayfish plague. The material for the study were 54 spinycheek crayfish individuals from 3 sites in Poland: Trzebiocha River, Lake Sominko and Lake Dąbie. A total of 162 samples (muscle samples were taken from abdomen, legs and carapace) were taken and used for DNA extraction followed by PCR and bidirectional sequencing of 5.8S ribosomal RNA gene. The electrophoretic separation of the PCR products confirmed the presence of A. astaci in 17 samples (Trzebiocha River and Lake Dąbie). Lake Sominko proved to be a zone free of the investigated pathogen. The collected information on the presence or absence of A. astaci in the investigated reservoirs might be used for restocking purposes.
The water basin bottom relief during its lifetime is shaped by the acumulation of the sediments, cleaning processes or the abrasive effects of the water flow. These modifications of the relief leads to the changes of the water basin acumulation capacity. The usage of the GIS for this task means the usage of digital terrain model (DTM), which represents the bottom of surveyed basin. The proposed method for the assessment of the basin capacity uses the poin-type objects. For the collecting of the point coordinates (x, y, z), we used the arrangement of the measuring equippment consisting of the GPS receiver and sonar, which was mounted to the raft boat. The data collection was done during the sailing on the water basin Golianovo. Final DTM was used for the calculation of the water basin capacity with the usage of zonal statistics in ArcGIS 10.
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