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The article tries to find the best solution of the system, which aims to dispose of the waste stream, being at the same time an economically justified and socially acceptable system. In order to find the best possible system three strategies for dealing with waste were considered, evaluated by 11 criteria in line with sustainable development, included in the following groups: environmental, social, and economic. The evaluation criteria are used in the multi-criteria analysis, which is the final step in the decision-making analysis. The most effective solution selected is additionally dependent on the importance of specific criteria adopted for the calculations. The proposed methodology was used and verified in the selection of a waste management system for the city of Szczecin.
In this paper investigations on the application of XRF method with the helium system for liquid analysis and for the determination of the composition of saline mine water have been presented. Applied procedure allows determination of various elements in broad concentration range of analysed elements (g/dm3- mg/dm3).
Among solid wastes one may distinguish mixed wastes, segregated wastes (collected selectively) and biodegradable wastes originating from open-air markets, green areas or cemeteries. Mixed wastes have constituted the largest proportion in the stream of municipal solid waste (MSW), both before and after the changes in waste management system in Poland introduced on 1 July 2013. The other group, regarding the collected wastes volume, is so-called segregation. It has been forecasted that in the nearest future the amount of segregated wastes will be successively growing. The article presents the analysis of selectively collected wastes (paper, plastics, glass and metal) indicators from lower administrative units of Liszki and Mogilany communities. The degree of segregated wastes accumulation efficiency was assessed on the basis of conducted computation. The communities selected for the analysis are suburban municipalities, situated in the area of Krakow agglomeration in the immediate vicinity of the main city of the Malopolskie voivodeship. The main aim of the work was an assessment of selective accumulation of municipal solid wastes in suburban communities. Values of quantitative indices, characterizing mixed and segregated municipal solid waste generated by the inhabitants of individual lower administrative units of the studied communities were subjected to a detailed analysis. The data assumed for the investigations cover the period from July 2012 to June 2013. As results from conducted analyses actual indices of wastes accumulation differ from the indices determined on the basis of statistical data and the data stated in the Waste Management Plans, which may evidence a high ecological awareness of the analysed areas inhabitants. The efficiency of selective waste accumulation in the analysed communities was on a similar level and exceeded 20%, i.e. was twice higher than the average for Poland.
Our work concerns of the determinants that affect the management of municipal waste in sustainable regional development in Poland by analyzing the adequacy of income covering the costs of the new legal environmental waste management systems. We also present the results of research on the impact on local residents and the environment of the largest landfill in Europe, demonstrating a small influence on the life and health of local residents. This impact was much more correlated with smoking. We analyzed the choice of method for calculating charges for waste disposal and discuss the consequences of the introduction of the different options.
This paper discusses the issue of medical waste, which is highly significant from the perspective of environmental protection. It describes the waste classification criteria, the methods of its collection, and neutralization. They are based on the legislation, including above all the Waste Act of 27 April 2001. The priority goal of the Act is to ensure that human health and life are protected. The Act was drawn up as a transposition of European directives. Analyzing the current legislation in force, the paper notes that the Polish legislature in the amendment to the Act of 2005 allowed medical infectious waste, posing an epidemiological threat, to be neutralized exclusively by means of incineration, excluding the possibility of using alternative methods. Thus the legislature expressed the view that only this method, despite its numerous disadvantages, is the most appropriate one for biohazardous waste. Moreover, due to the new provision of the Act, the expenses borne by hospitals to set up the infrastructure for alternative neutralization methods have proved to be unnecessary investments. The appropriate supervision over infectious medical waste management from the perspective of environmental protection, epidemiology, and occupational safety is a vital element in the development of a medical waste management system, but economic factors also should be taken into account.
An inherent element of human existence is the generation of various types of waste linked to our everyday activities. Among the currently generated waste, post consumer recovered wood constitutes an ever bigger share that is waste which is the result of the end of life cycle of various wooden products. The aim of the study was to determine the size and type of post consumer wood discarded on the landfills, such as furniture, window frames, doors, logs and boards, pallets and so on, as well as paper and cardboard. Also the means of utilizing that post consumer wood have been analyzed. The study embraced municipal waste landfills in selected administrative districts of Wielkopolskie Voivodeship.
Subject and purpose of work: The purpose of this work is to present the problem of municipal waste management, and its use for the production of electric and thermal energy. Materials and methods: The information used is derived from the CSO publication for 2015 in the scope of the data on municipal waste and electric energy per province. To establish the rankings of provinces, the method of zero unitarisation was applied, whose task is to bring various variables to the state of comparability with different titres and orders of magnitudes; and then the results derivedfrom the two rankings were compared. Results: The rankings of provinces with respect to the state of waste management and obtaining electrical energy in Poland in 2015 were presented. These rankings are characterized by a significant degree of similarity. Conclusions: Regional differentiation in individual Polish provinces in 2015 is relatively moderate.
Harmonizing economic and social aims with environmental protection is national environmental policy. The high-level goal of the policy in waste management is prevention, reduction, recovery and environmentally safe final treatment. The extensions of the Second National Environmental Policy are waste management plans, prepared and adopted on national, voivodship, poviat and commune level. The plans are a novelty in Polish law, for the first time the opportunity for sorting out waste management in Poland, a particularly municipal, has been created.
The significance of solid waste management in ecohydrology research is obvious given the potential threat that solid waste poses on the intrinsic services of water purification, particularly in areas of high temperatures and precipitation levels. Improper waste disposal systems have adverse repercussions on environmental sanitation and impede water quality management efforts. The potential risk to water and soil pollution is surmountable in the areas where waste collection and disposal efforts are constrained. We used a GIS based meso-scale approach to identify solid waste ecological hot spots. Results indicate that solid waste hot spots are characterised by poor solid waste management, high temperatures, and high rainfall and are likely to compromise the ecohydrological processes of both surface and underground water systems. The most affected river basins are found in south and north-western parts of Ethiopia. Climate change is likely to worsen the situation in the areas where precipitation and temperature levels are expected to rise. We recommend that ecohydrologists prioritize such areas for improved water resource management.
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