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The subjects were 13 horses, of which 5 clinically healthy ones were infected intranasally and intraconjunctivally with a suspension of two subtypes of the influenza virus: A/equi/1 and A/equi/2, and 3 were control animals. The remaining 5 horses became ill in a natural way. In the early phase of injection, the haematological determinations showed in the experimental horses a decrease in the lcucocyte, lymphocyte, neutrophil, and platelet counts. The changes in the values of erythrocyte indices (red blood cell count, haemoglobin content, and packed cell volume) were more weakly marked, though a tendency to decrease their value occurred. Similar results were obtained in the animals naturally infected with equine influenza virus although their cxamination was started only from the 6th day of illness.
Genetic recombination plays an important role in the evolution of virus genomes. In this study we analyzed publicly; available genomic sequences of Pepino mosaic virus (PepMV) for recombination events using several bioinformatics tools. The genome-wide analyses not only confirm the presence of previously found recombination events in PepMV but also provide the first evidence for double recombinant origin of the US2 isolate.
The reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to amplify the first part or full capsid gene (VP60) of EBHSV and RHDV. The fragment covered full capsid gene and the most part of gene contained in ORF2 of EBHSV was also obtained. The specificity of PCR products was checked by digestion with restriction enzymes.
Although the delta ribozymes have been stud ied for more than ten years the most im- por tant in for ma tion con cern ing their struc ture and mech a nism of ca tal y sis were only ob tained very re cently. The crys tal struc ture of the genomic delta ribozyme turns out to be an ex cel lent ex am ple of the ex traor di nary prop er ties of RNA mol e cules to fold into uniquely com pact struc tures. De tails of the X-ray struc ture have greatly stim u- lated fur ther stud ies on the fold ing of the ribozymes into func tion ally ac tive mol e cules as well as on the mech a nism of RNA ca tal y sis. The abil ity of the delta ribozymes to carry out gen eral acid-base ca tal y sis by nu cle o tide side chains has been as sumed in two pro posed mech a nisms of self-cleavage. Re cently, con sid er able prog ress has been also made in char ac ter iz ing the cat a lytic prop er ties of trans-act ing ribozyme vari ants that are po ten tially at trac tive tools in the strat egy of di rected RNA degradation.
The period of swine vesicular disease (SVD) virus persistence in clinical and tissue samples from experimentally infected pigs was investigated. A range of samples including epithelial tissue from vesicles, nasal swabs, blood, faeces and organs were collected to examine for the presence of infectious SVD particles, genomes and antigen. For this purpose, the conventional and PCR techniques were applied. The RT-nPCR assay appeared to be the most sensitive for the detection of SVDV in samples taken late in the course of infection. Only by nested PCR we could found the presence of vRNA in blood and nasal swabs as long as 4 and 48 d.p.i. , respectively. Using virus isolation and RT-nPCR it was possible to detect viral genome in faeces up to 70 d.p.i. By RT-nPCR, the vRNA could be detected in somatic muscles and tonsil till 25 and 48 d.p.i., respectively. The virus could not generally be found in other organs beyond 7 d.p.i. The described RT-nPCR procedure can be useful for the duration estimation of infection of pigs with SVDV.
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