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People usually associate the protection of waters with the issue of sewage treatment and with the deployment of new technologies which reduce the consumption of water and waste dumping, while the impact of the society's environmental awareness and of the environmental management upon the effectiveness of water protection generally remains underestimated. Slovakia is located in the catchment area of two seas: the Black Sea and the Baltic Sea; river springs and river upper sections are located on its territory. Therefore, the country attaches great importance to the protection of waters. This, supported with the belief that one of the prerequisites of water protection is proper environmental management, has encouraged the authors of this study to tackle the issue mentioned in the topic. They believe that such management requires qualified personnel to be prepared beforehand. The authors present the recent development of environmental education at Slovakian Universities, mainly at the faculty of mechanical engineering, from the implementation of the first environmentally- oriented subjects to the establishment of an independent department. They describe the contemporary state of education in environmental management and audit scheme (EMAS). They also outline the perspectives for its further development. At the same time, they specify the profile of graduates and the educational plans for particular types, forms and branches of study, as well as the personal and laboratory equipment for the scientific and support of the pedagogical process.
Background. Changes in the economic and political system that took place in Poland in recent decades had a significant impact on lifestyles of different social groups, especially in youngsters as vulnerable and open to all novelty and changes. Objective. The aim of this study was to evaluate the healthy or non-healthy behaviours including physical activity, diet, time devoted for sleeping, leisure, stress and the use of drugs by students of four universities in Wroclaw. Material and Methods. The study involved 604 students (305 women and 299 men) from four universities in Wroclaw: University of Wroclaw - 25.0%, Wroclaw University of Technology - 24.5%, University School of Physical Education (AWF) - 25.2% and Wroclaw Medical University - 25.3%. A questionnaire developed for this study was used. The questions were both open and closed, one or multiple answers could be matched. The questions related to: physical activity, nutrition, time devoted for sleeping, leisure, stress and stimulants. Results. On the basis of the results it was found that students mostly reported an average level of physical activity. The highest level of physical activity was presented by students of the University School of Physical Education and the lowest by students of the University of Wroclaw. Just one in ten students consumed meals on a regular basis, including one in five studying in the AWF. Almost half of the respondents (48.7%) spent 5-7 hours sleeping. Every tenth student slept less than five hours. Most respondents preferred passive forms of recreation, only one in three practiced sports in their spare time (usually students of the AWF). Every fourth student declared smoking, and more than 90% consumed alcohol. Conclusions. Lifestyle of majority of the students surveyed did not follow the recommendations of preventive care. The need for more efficient education of students is obvious, which will lead to the future positive changes in their lifestyle, reducing the risk of lifestyle diseases.
The aim of the research was to acquire knowledge about students’ physical activity in their free time according to their chosen faculties. Subject of the research were the students from seven faculties in two universities from Biała Podlaska: computer science, public health, medicine, nursing, tourism and recreation, physiotherapy and PE (physical education) – 548 people in total were the participants. In the work, the method of diagnostic survey based upon the questionnaire technique was applied. Faculty is the aspect that has great impact on the type of chosen forms of physical activities, reasons of its choice, barrier and importance of physical activities in the participants’ lives. Students from such faculties as PE and tourism and recreation show more physical activity in contrast to students from other faculties. More attention should be paid to extension and promotion of physical activity – a very important part of healthy lifestyle - in didactical-educational work of universities.
A university was examined as an object of informatization, its problem areas of activity were defined, the model of the regional system of control and assurance education quality, which includes systems of monitoring, analyzing and forecasting the statistical data obtained from all the educational institutions in the region, is proposed in this paper.
Background. Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) are small battery-powered electronic devices, heating the liquid to produce vapour – in most cases the latter contains nicotine and several flavourings. E-cigarettes are highly advertised across the media, mainly as healthy substitute to conventional cigarettes, aid in quitting smoking addiction or way of circumventing ban on smoking in public places. Objective. The aim of study was obtaining epidemiological data on cigarette smoking and electronic cigarette usage among Polish universities students. Material and methods. Students of different Polish state universities were asked to fill a self-prepared survey on cigarettesmoking and electronic cigarette usage. 1068 fulfilled questionnaires were gathered. The population was divided into two subgroups – medical universities’ students (n=545) and non-medical universities students (n=523). Results. 23.78% of respondents declared current smoking while 57.0% admitted ever smoking. The mean duration of smoking among current smokers was 4.17 ± 2.53 years. 56.30% of current smokers tried quitting at least once. 31.46% of students declared ever using e-cigarettes (37.28% (n=195) among non-medical universities’ students and 25.87% (n=141) among medical universities’ students and 8.33% current usage. Among the latter 52.81% admitted simultaneous smoking. 26.97% of current e-cigarettes’ users declared having experienced side effects of e-cigarettes. 42.70% (n=456) of respondents viewed e-cigarettes as safer than conventional cigarettes, this group comprises of 40.54% (n=212) non-medical and 44.77% (n=244) medical universities’ students. 85.39% (n=912) of students viewed e-cigarettes as generally unhealthy, there were 83.56% (n=437) non-medical and 87.16% (n=475) medical universities’ students among this group. Conclusions. The frequency of e-cigarettes usage resembles current status in many Western countries. Collected data shows high frequency of e-cigarettes usage and conventional cigarettes smoking among students (also medical universities’ students). The situation requires intensive preventive measures to limit and reduce the popularity of tobacco products along with modern equivalents like electronic cigarettes.
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The paper presents spatial planning system currently mandatory in Poland, as well as main changes concerning the principles of spatial planning and management in Poland after the system transformation. The work addresses particularly the issues of de-centralization of public administration and establishing commune self-governments, socialization of spatial planning, protection of private property and also the obligation to consider appropriate instruments of natural protection in the process of spatial planning and management. The paper presents also the basic principles of spatial planning in the United States of America and points out the similarities and differences between the methods, procedures and assumptions of spatial planning systems in both countries. The work presents potential areas of cooperation between both universities comprising sharing knowledge and exchanging experiences in the filed of spatial planning and management.
The article aims to present social conditions of innovation development in rural tourism. The first part of the article deals with the essence and types of innovation in the tourist industry in rural areas. Next, the article discusses the opinions on social conditions of innovation expressed by 139 students of the University of Life Sciences in Warsaw and 35 students of Jadwiga Dziubińska Agricultural Education Centre Schools in Golądkowo. In the students’ opinion, the most important interpersonal features and skills of agritourism farm owners useful for innovation in rural tourism are: creativity, openness to tourists’ needs and diligence. All the survey respondents believed that service providers should first of all initiate cooperation in the field of innovation with other companies of the tourism sector and obviously also with tourists.
The article presents forms of promotion used by agritourism farm owners in the opinions of 139 students of the University of Life Sciences – SGGW in Warsaw and 35 secondary education students of Jadwiga Dziubińska Agricultural Education Centre Schools in Golądkowo. The paper presents segments of the market for agritourism services in the opinions of survey respondents. According to university and secondary school students, most owners of agritourism farms promote their facilities on their own websites. In the opinion of secondary school students, service providers also promote their facilities on tourism fairs and in the traditional media. However, in the opinion of students entering higher education, as well as those who are prospective graduates, a very important way to promote an agritourism offer is the information transmitted in direct contacts. According to the respondents, families with children most often buy agritourism services.
Background. Dairy products provide the most important source of calcium in a typical human diet, being of particular significance to women. Objective. To determine dietary calcium intakes in a group of female students studying human nutrition at a Warsaw University of Life Sciences –SGGW through analysing the selections made of dairy products. Materials and Methods. A food frequency questionnaire was used to assess average consumption of dairy products. Total daily calcium intakes were then estimated by adding the intakes obtained from such dairy products to an average non-dairy calcium value obtained from other foodstuffs and taken to be 250 mg. Results. Varied choices were made of dairy foodstuffs, with most subjects consuming milk, milk beverages, cottage cheese and rennet cheese. Calcium intakes were thus dependent on the dietary assortment of such selected dairy products made. Whenever cheeses were avoided in the diet, then low calcium intakes became more common. Conclusions. When compared to dietary recommendations, calcium intakes in this group of young women were inadequately low, especially for those not eating cheese and despite supposedly having sufficient knowledge through studying this subject area.
The preferences for spreads and both frying and baking fats were investigated among 545 female students of Universities at Gdynia, Olsztyn, Cracow and Poznań. Preferences were expressed as the percentage of subjects indicating a particular food. The significance of 14 choice factors was determined using a 3-point scale. Butter, margarine and low-fat margarine were the most preferred spreads. Among frying and baking fats, oil was mostly used for the preparation of dishes. Most often indicated choice factors included product-related ones such as freshness, taste and durability, and for frying and baking fats, also the universality of their use. No important differences in either the division of subjects or the significance of choice factors between female students of different universities were revealed with the Friedman's ANO VA statistical test. The correlation of the rankings of foods and choice factors between pairs of universities varied from weak to very high. The greatest differences appeared for preferences of spreads and the lowest for choice factors.
Sustainable Development (SD) is one of today’s most often discussed issues. It refers living to in harmony with the natural environment as well as with the responsibility for the fate of future generations. The international community makes an effort to teach institutions, organizations and individuals how disastrous their activity can be for the environment. In particular universities, qualified to promote knowledge and to build a sensible society, are under obligation to disseminate the right ideas. They should teach how to manage the environment in the right way and how to manage organizations according to SD. Finally, they have to undertake work, even if such activity encounters resistance. Working in respect to the natural environment seems to be the only admissible direction of further development.
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