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During Isolation of total rilmnucleic acids from white lupin (Lupinus albus) and their subsequent separation by 10% polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, a fast migrating RNA band is very well separated. The nucleotide sequence analysis of 76 nucleotide long sequence with many modified nucleosides was found to be identical with that of tyrosine specific tRNA of yellow lupin seeds (Lupinus luteus) and wheat germ (Trtiicum aestivum). Also this tRNATyr is identical with plant amber suppressor tRNA. 'I'he presented approach offers a very rapid method of purification of plant tRNA with UAG suppressor activity.
Under aerobic conditions, tyrosinase is inactivated by dopa as a result of suicide inactivation, and, under anaerobic conditions, as a result of irreversible inactivation. However, tyrosine protects the enzyme from being inactivated by dopa under anaerobic conditions. This paper describes how under aerobic conditions the enzyme acting on tyrosine is not directly inactivated but undergoes a process of indirect suicide inactivation provoked by reaction with the o-diphenol originated from the evolution of o-dopaquinone and accumulated in the reaction medium.
Maćkowiak P.: Amino acid-induced insulin release from the perfused irat pancreas. The influence of phenylalanine and tyrosine. Acta physiol, pol. The effects of L or D phenylalanine and L tyrosine on insulin release from the perfused rat pancreas were investigated. It was found that in the presence of D-glucose, all three amino-acids stimulate insulin secretion. After L-Phe had been removed from perfusate in the presence or absence of L-Tyr, the secondary rise of insulin release (an “off response”) was noticed. This phenomenon did not follow to either D-Phe or L-Tyr.
Twenty two scab-resistant apple cultivars, harvested in the 2007 and 2008 sea­sons, were analysed for phenolic compounds content and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity. Tyrosine content was determined in the raw juices of five selected cultivars. The results showed substantial differences in the composition between the investi­gated apple cultivars, particularly in the phenolic compounds contents. Their total polyphenol content ranged from 161.9 to 882.4 mg/kg f.w., with hydroxycinnamic acids as the main phenolic compounds. The level of PPO activity ranged from 5 to 240 U/g f.w. Almost half of the 22 cultivars show PPO activity below 50 U/g f.w. 'Angold', 'Selena' and 'Gold Milenium' showed the highest PPO activity; between 125-133 U/g f.w. 'Rebella', 'Sampion', 'Topaz', 'Rewena', 'Enterprise' and 'Ger­linde' showed the lowest PPO activity. Statistical analysis showed no correlation between PPO activity and total polyphenol content or hydroxycinnamic acids. No correlation can be confirmed between PPO activity and tyrosine content.
Peroxynitrite (oxoperoxonitrate(-l)), anion of peroxynitrous acid, is thought to mediate the toxic action of nitric oxide and superoxide anion. Peroxynitrite is formed in a fast reaction between these species, reacts with all classes of biomolecules, is cytotoxic, and is thought to be involved in many pathological phenomena. Its main reactions involve one- and two-electron oxidation and nitration. Protein nitration is often used as a footprint of peroxynitrite reactions in vivo. Nitration of tyrosine and of tyrosyl residues in proteins may be an important mechanism of derangement of biochemical signal transduction by this compound. However, apparently beneficial effects of peroxynitrite have also been described, among them formation of nitric oxide and nitric oxide donors in reactions of peroxynitrite with thiols and alcohols.
Hereditary tyrosinemia type I (HT I, McKusick 276700) is a metabolic disease with a pattern of autosomal recessive inheritance. The disease is caused by a deficiency of the enzyme involved in the last step in the degradation of the amino acid tyrosine, fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase (FAH). The result of this block is the accumulation of catabolites some of which have been proposed to be highly toxic due to their alkylating potential. In humans, hereditary tyrosinemia is often associated with the development of hepatocellular carcinoma in young patients. The reasons for the high incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma are unknown but it has been suggested that it may be caused by accumulated metabolites such as fumarylacetoacetate (FAA) and maieylace­toacetate (MAA). The various mutational defects in the FAH gene are reviewed. The use of two mouse models of this disease to study the molecular basis of the pathologies associated with HT I are discussed. Finally, some preliminary data on the mutagenic potential of FAA and MAA in a gene reversal assay are presented.
Na szczurach samcach szczepu Wistar badano wpływ jednorazowego ( w dawce 20% LD50) i wielokrotnego (w dawce 5% LD50) doustnego podawania chlorku glinu na wychwyt tyrozyny (Tyr ) przez skrawki jelitowe. Ponadto określono zmiany parametrów kinetycznych opisujących wychwyt Tyr w wyniku dwutygodniowego narażenia na badany związek w dawce 5% LD50.
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