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The aim of the study was to estimate the effect of tylosin and prebiotics (β-glucans and mannanooligosaccharides) added to feed on the phagocitc activity of polimorfonuclear leukocytes (PMNL) in calves. The study was performed on 36 clinically healthy, Black and White Lowland calves, aged 6-8 weeks. The animals were randomly divided into three equal groups. Calves in group I were fed a feedingstuff supplemented with tylosin. Group II received prebiotics, and group III (control) was fed the same feedingstuff without additives. The following phagocytic parameters were determined in the peripheral blood of the calves: phagocytic index (IF), the percentages of phagocytic (%kf) and NBT-positive cells, and the spontaneous migration of neutrophils (MG). The results showed that both prebiotics and tylosin caused a significant increase in the phagocytic activity of PMNL in the experimental groups. This was expressed by the higher values of the examined phagocytic parameters compared with the controls.
The aim of the study was to estimate the effect of tylosin and prebiotics added to feed on the blood morphology and general health condition of calves. The experiment consisted of two independent stages: laboratory examinations and a field trial to determine the general health condition of the animals. The first stage of the experiment involved 36 clinically healthy calves, aged 6-8 weeks, and lasted 7 weeks. During that period, blood samples were taken from the animals twice a week, and routine haematological indices i.e. RBC, HCT, MCV, HGB, MCH, MCHC, WBC, LYM, MID, PMNL, PTL and MPV - were determined. The results obtained in the first stage of the study showed a significant increase in the total number of leukocytes and some of their subsets, i.e. PMNL, and especially LYM and MID, in calves receiving prebiotics. Higher values of these indices were also noted in calves treated with tylosin. Distinct stimulating effects of both additives were also observed in some haematological parameters, such as RBC, HCT, HGB and PTL. In the field stage of the study the general health status of 120 calves was evaluated. The health status of the animals in experimental groups was satisfactory; on the other hand, a few control calves suffered from infectious respiratory problems, which had to be treated with antibiotics.
A combination of colistin with tylosin, antibiotics differing profoundly by their chemical structure but of a complementary antibacterial activity was examined. In the in vitro experiments sensitivity to antibiotics of 102 E. coli isolates and 68 Salmonella spp. isolates was performed. Among E. coli isolates most isolates were resistant to ampicillin (87.2%), apramycin (73.6%) oxytetracycline (71.2%), sulfometoxazole (75.3%) and amoxycillin (43.1%). Among Salmonella spp. the highest number of isolates was resistant to Oxytetracycline (11.7%). It was found that the growth of E. coli and Salmonella isolates was more effectively inhibited by a combination of colistin with tylosin than by colistin alone. This situation is exemplified by a decrease of MIC value of E. coli for colistin + tylosin (range 0.05-0.2 µg/ml) in comparison to the value of MIC for colistin (0.08-0.2 µg/ml). In experimental chicken colibacteriosis both prophylactic and therapeutic use of the combination of colistin with tylosin completely eliminated mortality and lowered morbidity.
The first clinical cases of proliferative ileitis were recognized in two large pig farms in the western part of Poland in 1995. Both farms were well managed and had a high hygienic status. A reproductive herd in farm P consisted of approx. 350 sows and in newly established farm S of 170 gilts and 20 boars. The clinical picture of the disease was observed in about 10 per cent of weaned and fattening pigs in farm P and in about 20 per cent of the gilts and boars in farm S. The most pathogenic clinical sign was chronic diarrhoea of grey-brown faeces. The diseased animals exhibited a very poor performance. Mortality of the affected pigs reached 2 per cent. Gross lesions of the ileum and other parts of the small intestine were covered by a characteristic reticulated serous exudate. Histopathologically, diffusive microscopic lesions with proliferative enteropathy were observed. Affected crypts were enlarged and branched. Excellent theraupetic results were obtained by the treatment of all pigs with 100 ppm of tiamulin in farm S and with 100 ppm of tylosine in farm P.
The aim of the study was to estimate the effect of tylosin and prebiotics (β-glucans and mannanooligosaccharides) added to feed on the selected humoral immune parameters in calves. Among them, the concentrations of total protein and γ-globulin, titre of conglutinin, and activity of alkaline phosphatase were tested in calf serum. The study was performed on 36 clinically healthy, Black and White Lowland breed calves, aged 6-8 weeks. The animals were randomly divided into three equal groups. The calves in group I were fed with feedingstuff supplemented by the tylosin. The second group of calves received prebiotics and the control (group III) was fed the same feedingstuff without the additives. The results indicated that supplementation of feedingstuff with prebiotics and tylosin had a positive effect on the total protein and gammaglobulin concentrations. The titre of conglutynin was significantly higher in the group of calves fed prebiotics in comparison with the control group. The activity of alkaline phosphatase was higher in both experimental groups of animals but a stronger activity of this enzyme was observed in the calves fed tylosin.
The experimeit was carried out on 1350 Astra В chickens divided into 5 groups. Standard mixture was fed to the control group. In the remaining four groups, the amount of maize meal was decreased and half of the soybean meal replaced by 15/13% of rapeseed meal. The kind and the amount of antibiotic added to the mixtures varied. The mixtures contained 8/6 mg or 12/6 mg of flavomycin per kg or 10/10 mg or 20/10 mg of tylosln per kg. The final body weight in the control group as well as in the groups fed on mixtures supplemented with rapeseed meal and 8/6 mg of flavomycin, was about 4% higher compared with that in other groups. Feed consumption was the lowest in the controls /P< 0,01/. Productivity effects were better in the groups receiving 8/6 mg of flavomycin per kg of the mixture compared to those fed on •mixtures supplemented with tylosin. Rapeseed meal supplement in the mixtures resulted in the increase of thyroid weight by 22-37%.
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