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Using Wistar rats the effect of exercise was studied on the level of lipid peroxides, superoxide dismutase activity in the serum and certain tissues, and the contents of triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TChol), cholesterol in high density lipoprotein fractions (HDL -chol and HDL3-chol) and alpha-tocopherol in the serum. Low-grade exercise decreased by about 10% the lipid peroxide level in the serum, the soleus muscle and myocardium. Greater exercise increased the lipid peroxide level in the studied tissues. In the liver the lipid peroxide level rose by 20% independently of the degree of exercise. Superoxide activity increased proportionally to the grade of exercise in the myocardium, the soleus muscle and the liver. The serum alphatocopherol level increased in the groups of animals subjected to exercise. In the group with higher grade of exercise a slight fall of TChol in the serum and a fall of HDL and HDL3, cholesterol.
The results of recent studies indicate that obesity is associated with an increase in peroxidation processes. The aim of the present study was to assess the degree of oxidative stress in obese women and to evaluate the relationship between selected markers of oxidative stress and body mass index. Study population consisted of 43 women aged 21 to 66. Subjects were divided into two groups according to their body mass index (BMI): Overweight group (BMI < 30 kg/m2) and Obese group (BMI > 30 kg/m2). Venous blood samples were taken from each subject after an overnight fast and following parameters were assessed: plasma total antioxidant status (TAS), plasma concentrations of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), serum levels of antibodies against oxidized low density lipoproteins (oLAB), serum lipid profiles, serum glucose and insulin concentrations. Additionally, serum low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and insulin resistance indices were calculated. Serum triglyceride concentrations, insulin levels and insulin resistance indices were significantly higher in obese women in comparison with overweight ones. No significant differences in TBARS concentrations, TAS and oLAB levels were found between the two study groups. However, oLAB titres in Obese group were above the upper limit of the reference range for healthy adults. In both study groups significant correlations (p <0.01) between BMI and levels of triglycerides, insulin concentrations and insulin resistance indices were observed. Additionally, positive correlations (p < 0.05) between BMI and LDL-cholesterol and diastolic blood pressure as well as negative correlations (p < 0.05) between HDL-cholesterol and diastolic blood pressure were found in Obese group. In the overweight women, there were positive correlations between oLAB levels and triglyceride and insulin concentrations, between oLAB titres and insulin resistance indices and between oLAB levels and systolic and diastolic blood pressure (p < 0.01 for all correlations). There was also a negative correlation between oLAB titres and TAS (p < 0.05). The results of the present study confirm that obesity is associated with oxidative stress. Oxidative stress may be the link between obesity and atherosclerosis.
The level of glucose, total cholesterol and its HDL fraction, triglycerides, and free fatty acids were determined 4 weeks before delivery and 2 weeks postpartum in 45 cows. The estimation of ovary function was performed by measurements of progesterone in blood sampled every 3 or 4 days during a 60-day postpartum period. A positive correlation was found between disturbances in lipid metabolism and disorders in the fertility of cows. Moreover, an unfavourable effect of lipolysis on postpartum progesterone secretion was noted.
The albino Wistar rats were used to investigate the effect of thyroxine administration on the activity of citric acid, α-Amylase, creatine phosphokinase (CPK), creatinine, cholesterol and triglycerides level in blood serum and citric acid in liver and kidney. Two groups of rats were taken for the experiment. One group was injected subcutaneously with 200 μl of thyroxine/50 g of body weight, the other group served as control. The animals were vivisected with anesthesia after intervals of 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours α-Amylase and CPK levels in blood; citric acid level in liver and kidney of control and thyroxine treated rats. The results showed that the α-Amylase activity remained unaltered (100 g/h/l) throughout the experiment. However, citric acid level found to be 460 mg in the liver and 415 mg in kidney of control rats. The values slightly increased to 480 and 680 mg in respective tissues of thyroxine treated animals for 24 hr. The values decreased in 48 and 72 hours of treatment. Further the values found to be increased after 96 hours of treatment. Although the thyroxine treatment altered citric acid, Creatinine, Cholesterol, Triglycerides and CPK levels in the tissues, the serum α-Amylase was not influenced by the thyroxine. The study suggests that the thyroxine acts as a regulator all the above parameters in the cellular level.
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Role of adiponectin in the regulation of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism

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Adiponectin, an adipocyte-derived plasma protein, has been shown to play an important role in the regulation of fatty acid and glucose metabolism. Adiponectin enhances fatty acid oxidation both in skeletal and cardiac muscle as well as in the liver, thus reducing triglyceride content in these tissues. Moreover, it stimulates glucose uptake by skeletal and cardiac muscle, and inhibits glucose production by the liver; consequently decreasing blood glucose levels. This review focuses on the molecular mechanisms underlying adiponectin effects on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle and liver.
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The effect of doxycycline on atherogenesis in apoE-knockout mice

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Doxycycline at subantimicrobial doses inhibits matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) activity, and is the only MMP inhibitor which is widely available in clinical practice. The aim of the study was to reveal whether non-specific MMPs inhibition by tetracycline could ameliorate development of atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E (apoE)-knockout mice. Doxycycline (1.5 mg/ kg b.w./day) administered orally attenuated atherogenesis, measured both by "en face" method (10.25±1.7% vs. 15.7±2.0%, p<0.05) and "cross-section" method (66,254±7,468 µm2 vs. 90,687±8,521 µm2, p<0.05). In-situ zymography showed decrease of the extent of non-specific gelatinase activity in doxycycline-treated mice This is the first report to date describing the effect of doxycycline on atherogenesis in apoE-targeted mice.
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