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Four patients, with an average age of 58 years, hospitalised in 2008 because of bite wounds to the lower leg, were analysed. The study was based on the analysis of medical records and the results of laboratory and microbiological tests. Precise wound cleansing and dressing, appropriate to each case, are principal elements of management in the treatment of dog bite wounds. Potential complications include limb infection, deformation, and amputation.
This paper focuses on the development of renewable sources of isletreplacement tissue for the treatment of type I diabetes mellitus. Placental tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a promising source for regenerative medicine due to their plasticity and easy availability. They have the potential to differentiate into insulin-producing cells. miR-375 is a micro RNA that is expressed in the pancreas and involved in islet development. Human placental decidua basalis MSCs (PDB-MSCs) were cultured from full-term human placenta. The immunophenotype of the isolated cells was checked for CD90, CD105, CD44, CD133 and CD34 markers. The MSCs (P3) were chemically transfected with hsa-miR-375. Total RNA was extracted 4 and 6 days after transfection. The expressions of insulin, NGN3, GLUT2, PAX4, PAX6, KIR6.2, NKX6.1, PDX1, and glucagon genes were evaluated using real-time qPCR. On day 6, we tested the potency of the clusters in response to the high glucose challenge and assessed the presence of insulin and NGN3 proteins via immunocytochemistry. Flow cytometry analysis confirmed that more than 90% of the cells were positive for CD90, CD105 and CD44 and negative for CD133 and CD34. Morphological changes were followed from day 2. Cell clusters formed during day 6. Insulin-producing clusters showed a deep red color with DTZ. The expression of pancreatic-specific transcription factors increased remarkably during the four days after transfection and significantly increased on day 7. The clusters were positive for insulin and NGN3 proteins, and C-peptide and insulin secretion increased in response to changes in the glucose concentration (2.8 mM and 16.7 mM). In conclusion, the MSCs could be programmed into functional insulin-producing cells by transfection of miR-375.
Introduction. pending on the application of laser-induced interstitial thermotherapy (LITT) in the treatment of solid thyroid nodules for today is the definition of indications and contraindications, techniques and technology performance, efficiency and improved long-term results. The aim of the study. Studing the effect of LITT on parathyroid tissue and functional capacity of thyroid gland, determining the factors affecting the timing of replacement of host connective tissue and its capacity to develop evidence to reapply thermotherapy. Materials and methods. using the LITT there were treated 272 patients with a nodular goiter with no signs of cystic degeneration. All patients – women from 22 to 68 years. The volume of nodules was within the range from 0.8 to 5.0 cm3. On ultrasonic characteristics, in particular echoic nodules were: 46 – hypoechoic, 189 – isochoric and 37 – hyperechoic. There was used a diode laser Lakhta Milon. LITT was performed on such parameters: the wavelength of 1060 nm, continuous operation, output power ranging from 2.5 to 3.2 watts. LITT was controlled by ultrasound. Changes in the nodule, parathyroid tissue and gland function after LITT was determined on the second day after 2 weeks, 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months after the procedure. Results and discussion. on the second day after laser thermotherapy aseptic inflammation develops in nodules, but their size increases on 25–30 %. Later, in a certain period the survey, the size of nodules decreased, rates of hormonal function did not changed. 6 months after LITT with sizes of nodules up to 2 cm3 complete replacement of connective tissue occurred in all cases of hypo- and isochoric nodes and 71% - hyperechoic, and in sizes from 2 to 5 cm3 – 75% of hypoechoic structures, 18 % and isochoric there was no beneficial effect hyperechoic nodes. In cases of treatment failure called for the repeated LITT, after which all patients had complete reduction of the nodule. Conclusions. in the developed mode LITT does not cause destructive changes in parathyroid tissue and hormonal gland function. Duration of regression and replacement of the nodule by connective tissue determines it’s echogenicity and volume. Indications for re-use of thermotherapy is the residual tissue at the nodule within the more than 42 % of the initial volume in six months after treatment and the presence in it thyroid epithelium.
Toxicity of four types of industrial wastewater, treated by Fenton’s reagent, was analyzed. Toxicity was measured using bioluminescent bacteria Vibrio fischeri NRRL B-11177. Application of Fenton’s reagent was a efficient method for treatment of this wastewater. Nevertheless, high efficiency of organic components degradation was not always followed by reduction of toxicity to a very low level. In all cases, in order to achieve total reduction of toxicity, it was necessary to increase both the H2 O2 dose and reaction time. It was concluded that optimization of Fenton’s reaction should be performed assuming toxicity changes in the examined wastewater. Reduction in toxicity should be a critical measure of the success of this method. Such an approach should be general practice in relation to all hazardous industrial wastewater.
The purpose of this study was to exam some commercial seed oils as to the presence of natural compounds which could be helpful in the adjunct treatment of halitosis and stoma­titis protetica. We examined eight commercial seed oils by spectrophotometer and HPLC analysis in comparison to the analytical standards. Using analytical methods we estab­lished the presence of chlorophyll, ß-carotene and tocopherols in the analysed materials. Pumpkin oil, containing the highest amount of chlorophyll and ß-carotene and a medium concentration of total tocopherols, could be the most effective in the adjunct treatment of halitosis and stomatitis protetica in the whole group of the examined seed oils.
The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) for the stimulation of ovulation within 48 h after treatment in mares, which had a ≥35 mm follicle. A total of 41 oestrus cycles of 21 mares (9 Thoroughbred, 6 Dutch Warmblood, and 6 Friesian), between 7 and 12 years of age were used for this study. All the mares were intramuscularly treated with Hcg, at the dose of 3 000 IU when a follicle ≥35 mm was detected. They were examined daily by transrectal ultrasonography, until the ovulation was confirmed. It was found that the diameter of follicle before ovulation was more significant, and oestrus duration was longer in Friesian mares than those of Thoroughbred and Dutch Warmblood ones. Moreover, the percentage of mares ovulating within 48 h after hCG treatment was significantly lower in Friesian mares, when compared to that of the other breed mares. There was no significant difference in these parameters between Thoroughbred and Dutch Warmblood mares. In conclusion, the efficacy of hCG may be different among mares of different breeds. The percentage of ovulation within 48 h after hCG treatment was lower in Friesian mares when compared to the other breeds. Therefore, various strategies are needed for the stimulation of ovulation in Friesian mares.
Important structures involved in the pathogenesis of occipital headache include the aponeurotic attachments of the trapezius and semispinalis capitis muscles to the occipital bone. The greater occipital nerve (GON) can become entrapped as it passes through these aponeuroses, causing symptoms of occipital neuralgia. The aim of this study was to identify topographic landmarks for accurate identification of GON, which might facilitate its anaesthetic blockade. The course and distribution of GON and its relation to the aponeuroses of the trapezius and semispinalis capitis were examined in 100 formalin-fixed adult cadavers. In addition, the relative position of the nerve on a horizontal line between the external occipital protuberance and the mastoid process, as well as between the mastoid processes was measured. The greater occipital nerve was found bilaterally in all specimens. It was located at a mean distance of 3.8 cm (range 1.5–7.5 cm) lateral to a vertical line through the external occipital protuberance and the spinous processes of the cervical vertebrae 2–7. It was also located approximately 41% of the distance along the intermastoid line (medial to a mastoid process) and 22% of the distance between the external occipital protuberance and the mastoid process. The location of GON for anaesthesia or any other neurosurgical procedure has been established as one thumb’s breadth lateral to the external occipital protuberance (2 cm laterally) and approximately at the base of the thumb nail (2 cm inferior). This is the first study proposing the use of landmarks in relation to anthropometric measurements. On the basis of these observations we propose a target zone for local anaesthetic injection that is based on easily identifiable landmarks and suggest that injection at this target point could be of benefit in the relief of occipital neuralgia.
Buckwheat starch was subjected to cycles of high pressure-cooling (P-CC) or autoclaving-cooling (A-CC) combined with pullulanase debranching to determine changes in resistant starch (RS) content, digestibility, rheological properties and microstructure. Native buckwheat starch had 11.9 g/kg of RS, while the highest RS content (58.7 g/kg) was reached after A-CC and 6 h of pullulanase treatment. Among the P-CC samples, the highest RS content (43.3 g/kg) was obtained after treatment with 600 MPa/9 min and 6 h pullulanase debranching. The digestibility of the starch samples was negatively correlated with RS content and its highest values were noted for native and P-CC 200 MPa preparations subjected to 2 and 16 h of pullulanase treatment (95.18–95.35%). Buckwheat starch A-CC preparations after 6 h of pullulanase treatment exhibited the lowest digestibility (85.87%). Rheological analysis of 6% starch pastes showed that all investigated samples demonstrated a non-Newtonian flow, pseudoplastic properties and thixotropy. The Ostwald de Waele rheological model was very well fitted to the flow curves of the investigated pastes (R2 >0.98). Both P-CC and A-CC reduced the consistency coeffi cient (K) and thixotropy values, while the flow behavior index (n) was increased only after P-CC treatment. The P-CC and A-CC treatment resulted in starch granule breakdown and porous gel structure formation, differing in surface properties.
Gynaecomastia is uni- or bilateral breast enlargement in males associated with benign hyperplasia of the glandular, fibrous and adipose tissue resulting from oestrogen-androgen imbalance. Asymptomatic gynaecomastia is a common finding in healthy male adults and does not have to be treated, while symptomatic gynaecomastia might be the symptoma of many pathological conditions and requires meticulous diagnosis and therapeutic management. The commonest causes of gynaecomastia in the Polish population include liver cirrhosis and drugs used to treat its complications. The current study presents the case of severe painless gynaecomastia in a patient with decompensated alcoholic liver cirrhosis, treated with spironolactone because of ascites. Breast enlargement assessed a IIb according to the Simon’s Scale or III according to the Cordova-Moschella classification, developed slowly over the two-year period of low-dose spironolactone therapy The course and dynamics of disease are described and the main mechanisms leading to its development discussed. The importance of effective treatment of patients with severe gynecomastia is emphasized as the disease may result in significant psychosocial problems.
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