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The aim of the study was to compare immunoperoxidase (IP) and Antigen-Capture ELISA (AC-ELISA) tests in detecting infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) in the Fabricius Bursa (BF) of infected chickens. BFs were collected for 3 days p.i. with IBDVs of low pathogenicity (isolated from a mild form of IBD) as well as very virulent ones (isolated from an acute form of IBD) 1, 3, 6 and 9 days p.i. with vaccinal, low pathogenic and very virulent strains. BFs from broiler chickens suspected of having IBD were also used. BFs were cut into frozen histological sections and, after fixing with formaldehyde, were stained using the IP method. The remainder of BFs was used in AC-ELISA after homogenization and clarification. The sensitivity and specificity of both tests in detecting IBDV antigens were comparable but the amount of viral antigen could be determined only by using the AC-ELISA method. The intensity of reaction and the time during which the viral antigen was detected were strongly correlated with the pathogenicity of the IBDV strain being used. Inoculation with the vaccine strain yielded positive results only on day 6 p.i. and the amount of detectable antigen was very low. Infection with the low pathogenic Polish strain produced more antigens, detectable from days 1 to 6 p.i. The antigen of the very virulent strain was found in the largest amount and could be detected for 9 days beginning on day 1 p.i. The study indicated that the IP method is simple, rapid and less laborious than AC-ELISA. However, AC-ELISA is more useful because it additionally measures the amount of detected antigen in a specimen.
With immunofluorescence techniques large foci are visible in frozen sections of the tonsils and spleen of pigs infected with virulent strains of HCV. Low or moderate-virulent strains induce small, weakly fluorescent foci under the same conditions. This sometimes causes diagnostic problems. Therefore, under such conditions, isolation of virus in cell cultures should be applied for HC diagnosis. The culture might be examined for the presence of HCV by direct IFT using immunoenzymatic methods (PLA). The usefulness of the PLA for the diagnosis of HC was compared with IFT. Forty samples of tonsils, spleens and kidneys were collected from 10 pigs experimentally infected and from 5 field cases of HC. Isolation was performed on rapidly growing PK-15 cells seeded in flat bottomed microtitre plates. The cultures after 48 h were fixed and stained with hiperimmune porcine HC antiserum and after that with anti-porcine IgG-HRPO conjugate. The results were read microscopically using 50 X magnification. The results were considered positive if stained reddish-brown infected cells were detected. The applied immunoenzymatic method enables the detection of HCV in all samples, from experimentally infected pigs and field cases of HC. Using IFT, in some cases, it was difficult to determine exactly the results of examination.
The usefulness of an imfnunoperoxidase test in the detection of bovine leukemia virus (BLV) was demonstrated. Positive results of the PLA test were observed in cell cultures permanently infected with BLV (FLK, HKR and a 50% mixture of FLK and non-infected cells). A brown- -red colour of the antibody-antigen immunological complex of the cytoplasm of BLV infected cells confirms possitive results of the PLA test after anti-BLV serum addition. The nucleus of these cells was not stained. Unstained cells showing indistinct morphological structure confirm negative results of the PLA test. All FLK and HKR cells in the PLA test showed possitive reaction but in the case a 50% mixture of uninfected and infected cells, only 30% of the cell population were positive. The results of the PLA test with BLV infected cells were consistent with a syncytial test. In the case of cells transfected with the DNA of env gene of BLV the results of the PLA test positive, whereas a syncytial assay was negative.
The porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome is a relatively new swine disease first described in the USA in 1987, and in Europe in 1990. Serodiagnosis of the disease can be performed by using an immunoperoxidase mono- layer assay (IPMA), To evaluate this test, the following materials were used to perform the assay: Hesse strain of PRRSV, MARC-145 cells, 42 sera obtained from PRRS suspected herd, 60 sera from herds free from PRRS, and positive reference anti-PRRSV serum. In order to test the sera for the presence of antibodies to PRRSV, 50 pi of successive, 2-fold serum dilutions (from undiluted to diluted 1:256) were distributed in triplicate on the prepared 96-well microplate. The serum samples were considered as positive if brownish-red precipitates were found in the cell cytoplasm of at least one of the tested serum dilutions. The presence of antibodies to PRRSV was found in 23 out 42 examined sera from a suspected farm. In 10 out of 23 positive serum samples the titre was >1:256. No antibodies to PRRSV were detected in the sera that came from swine herds free from PRRS. Taking into account our results, the IPMA can be applied for routine serodiagnosis of PRRS in Poland.
Zastosowano immunoperoksydazowy test ACB ( BP ACB ) w celu wykrycia immunoglobulin klasy Ig A, IgM i Ig G opłaszczających bakterie w moczu. Przydatność diagnostyczną odczynu oceniono porównując z metodą immu- nofluorescencyjną ( IF ACB ). Stwierdzono, że IP ACB jest czulszy od IF ACB i może być wykorzystany zarówno do wykrywania bakterii oplaszczonych przeciwciałami, jak i do określenia poszczególnych klas przeciwciał.
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