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Thioamides, especially thiobenzanilidies and related compounds, are characterized by a wide spectrum of biological activities (antimicrobial, anthelmintic, analgesic, anti-inflammatory) depending on the type of substitution. 2.4-dihydroxythiobenzanilides have been discovered to have interesting in vitro efficiency against dermatophytes, yeasts and moulds. The purpose of this study was to assess adverse reactions of thioamides after skin contact. The study was done on 29 guinea pigs. The guinea pig maximization test (acc. Magnusson Kligman test) was used to estimate the risk of the skin contact allergic reactions. Skin irritation of the examined substances in different concentrations was assessed after epidermal topical application. Cross- -reactions between thioamides and tetramethylthiuram disulfide was also examined. The leukocyte inhibition migration test (in vitro test) was done to confirm results of skin epidermal tests. Thioamides derivatives have very weak irritant properties and using these compounds in therapeutic concentrations (0.5-3%) has no risk of irritant adverse reaction after coming into contact with skin. Cross-reactivity was noticed among 2.4-dihydroksytiobenzamid and tetramethylthiuram disulfide. 2.4-dihydroksytiobenzamid is characterized by a weak sensitizing capacity (only 20% of animals were sensitized in GPMT) and according to OECD guidelines it may not be classified as a skin sensitizer (R43), but in special circumstances it may cause allergic contact dermatitis.
The objective of the studies was to determine the extensiveness and intensity of mallophagian lice invasion in guinea pigs in different laboratory animal husbandries and control of the invasion with preparates used to eliminate ectoparasites in domestic animals. A total of 1550 guinea pigs from 4 husbandries have been examined. In three husbandries all the animals were infested by mallophagian lice. The most prevalent appeared to be Gliricola porcelli (100%) then Gyropus ovalis (90%) and the less prevalent Trimenopon hispidum (40%). The intensity of invasion with individual species of mallophagian lice was similar because G. porcelli infected guinea pigs in a greater number — a mean number 456 parasites/animal, C. ovalis — 32 and T. hispidum — 37. Biocid 0.1%, Insectin 0.5%, Ivomec 200 µg and 400 µg and Pularyl applied according to the prescriptions of producers appeared to be very effective in the control of mallophagian infection excep of Pularyl in spray which was completely ineffective. Biocid 0.1% and Insectin 0.5% in spray used twice at 2 week interval enabled a total eradication of mallophagian lice invasion in guinea pig husbandries.
3-hydroxy-3-methylbutyric acid (HMB) in immunological reactions generated by nutritional allergy in guinea pigs The systemic immune responses were examined in pa- renterally milk-sensitized guinea pigs. This type of sensitization simulating alimentary allergy led to positive passive cutaneous anaphylactic (PCA) responses and high IgG titers against beta lactoglobulin (beta-LG). A further increase in IgG titers induced by a dietary supplement of HMB was observed. These results indicate that HMB increases immune responses of parenterally milk-sensitized guinea pigs as expressed by IgG beta-LG antibodies and PCA titers. What concerns the alimentary, this effects is not of an advantage and suggests that HMB - treated animals can be more allergic to food consumption.
The aim of the research was to investigate the possibility of using oral medicines for the treatment of animals with skin mycoses. The administration of oral azole antifungal Itraconazole was conducted on guinea pigs. In the light microscopy investigation during treatment of guinea pigs with Itraconazole, mycelium were not observed 4 days after the time of the administration of the drug, both in the stratum corneum of the epidermis and in hair sheaths. Neither was mycelium confirmed in the subcutaneous layer. Only parakeratose, hyperkeratose was observed, as well as a small degree of akantose. The investigation with the use scanning microscope made it possible to additionally affirm the presence on the top of scraps of spherical forms the accumulations of drops of fat which is characteristic for azole antifungals. The administration of oral azole antifungal causes the rapid regression of pathological changes in the deep layers of the skin. Therapy of this type can be useful in veterinary medicine.
The material consisted of 20 male guinea pigs of body weight 300 ± 50 g. Fifteen of them were infected per os with a dose of 5000 invasive eggs of A. suum. At the 4th, 7th and 20th days of infection the animals were dissected and sections of kidney were taken for histopathological and histochemical studies. The sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. The presence of mucopolisachcarides was detected with the paS method, the activity of acid and alkaline phosphatases - with Gomori's method. At the 4th and 7th day of infection an active congestion of the kidney, dilation of blood vessels and changes in the size of epithelial cells of proximal concoluted tubules were observed. The epithelium of the tubules was high, often closing their lumen. Moreover, at the 7th day of infection small ecchymosis was noted. On the sections stained with the paS method a distinct thickening of the basament membrane of the parietal lamellat of Bowman sac was found at the 4th and 7th day of infection, as well as a weaker staining of brush border in main parts of nephrons. A tightening of the vasculary loop of some glomeruli was also noted at the 7th day. At the 20th day of the experiment changes were observed only in single glomeruli in the vasculary loop. At the 4th day of infection an increase in the activity of the acid and alkaline phosphatases was observed in the kidney, followed by a decrease in the activity of both these enzymes at the 7th and 20th day.
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