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Fur animals kept indoors, due to partial limitation of their natural behavior, are more likely to develop behavioral disorders. This is due to negative emotions associated with inability to satisfy certain needs or achieve a particular purpose, which leads to frustration or deprivation in animals. This condition can lead to the emergence of compulsive behaviors, which are often a form of coping with stress. Compulsive behaviors in fur animals are usually stereotypical: animals walk along the cage, catch their own tail, gnaw fur (trichotilomanie), or bite the trellis or the claws. The environmental factors resulting from the maintenance conditions and social relations of the animals in the group play an important role in the emergence of this type of behavior. Another factor that is equally important in causing compulsive behavior is mental strain resulting from disease.
The significant genetic progress, as being achieved over the recent several decades in the field of performance of farm animals must be accompanied by the improvement of their management and utilization conditions. To this end, in the seventies of the 20th century, the term “welfare” became employed as the reaction to improper treatment of livestock in the course of intensive management system, based on automated processes modeled on the solutions, used in the industry. The employed management system resulted in occurrence of many irregularities in a form of decrease of productivity level and health state of animals as well as occurrence of behavioural disorders in the animals. They lead to material losses and are also the reason for pain and suffering of livestock. For this reason, the issues related to animal welfare are important both for the farmers as well as for general public. Due to ethical reasons, the consumers wish to buy the products obtained from the animals, kept in the conditions, ensuring high level of welfare. Easy and, at the same time, objective indices for the assessment of animal welfare are still being sought.
This paper reviews literature on the influence of the weather phenomena such as temperature, precipitation and air movement on horses’ behavior. Knowledge about the environmental influence on the behavior and physiological processes leads to a better understanding of animal responses, which enable the prediction of behavioral changes, in order to improve horses’ welfare, training results, and makes horse riding safer. Horses adapt the length of resting, feeding, time spent in the shelter to weather conditions. Furthermore, the weather can affect cognitive processes and the presence of agonistic and stereotypic behavior.
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