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The objective of this study was to analyse the influence of introducing Schweres Warmblut (SchW) blood on the zoometric features of Silesian breed horses. The research material was pure Silesian breed horses and crossbreeds with the SchW breed, born in the period of 1984–2004. The population was divided into four groups, depending on the contribution of Schweres Warmblut blood (0.0%, 0.1–24.9%, 25.0–49.9% and 50% and more). Differences were determined among groups in the range of values of the three basic characteristics (height at withers, chest and cannon circumferences), build indices (massiveness, boniness and strength), and point-scale estimation. The highest differences between Silesian horses and F1 generation crossbreeds were observed in height at withers (stallions: 161.04 and 165.13 cm, mares: 159.58 and 162.45 cm), massiveness index (stallions:124.56 and 120.19), and point-scale estimation (mares: 77.0 and 79.61 points, respectively). The groups with lower shares of SchW blood were characterized by intermediate values that corresponded more to changes that took place in the Silesian breed over time, than to those resulting from the contribution of SchW blood.
Investigated were the usefulness and possible objectivization of the results of stallions’ 8-months performance test. No correlation was found between the total results of the test and the number of mares covered by tested stallions, suggesting that the use of stallions does not depend on the result of their 8-month test. Blood samples were analysed after the stamina trial (cross country gallop) and some parametres of free jumping were measured based on video image analyses. Moreover, an analysis of relations was done between performance test trials and investigated parametres. The correlations between evaluations of jumping traits in the performance test ranged from 0.28 to 0.65, while those between the results of jumping skills from the test and measurements based on video image analysis were weak and ranged from -0.2 to 0.3. Blood physiological indicators showed a wide range of values. Lactic acid content was affected by individual riders and breeders and that of total protein by breeders only.
The study was carried out on an Anglo-Arab horse stud "O" at which 186 horses were kept including 67 brood-mares and 8 stallions. During tne 1991 breeding season the semen from the four stallions was used for insemination. At the begining of April 1991, insemination with semen from the stallion ARC, who was brought to the stud "O" a month earlier, was carried out. About seven days later, fever (39.5 - 40.5°C) and anorexia appeared in some of the inseminated mares. In most of the feverish mares, edema of eyelids and reddening of conjunctivas were also found. Two mares aborted after 3-4 months of gestation. Gynecological examination with an ultrasonograph was performed three times: before, at the begining and after the enzootic of Equine Viral Arteritis and showed permanent increase of embrionie death and resorption up to 31.8%. From tissue samples of two aborted fetuses and ARC's semen Equine Arteritis Virus was isolated. In serological examination for the presence of neutralizing antibodies against EAV conducted in 1989 on a group of 71 horses from the stud "O", 9.8% positive reactions were found. Subsequent serological examination performed on a group of 186 horses in 1991 after introduction of the stallion ARC to the stud revealed that 67.7% of animals were positive for EAV antibodies.
Studies on genetic parameters that describe performance traits of stallions managed in Training Centres are of great importance, since they allow breeders to rationally design their breeding programmes. The outcomes of such studies also include breeding methods that are adequate for an improvement of traits which are of different heritability or which have different coefficients of correlation between them. As an effect of evaluated stallions will be significant over the decades to follow, the studies we have performed are important in terms of both theory and practice. The study covered performance test records of 2825 stallions tested in Training Centres in 1977-2000. Heritability estimates for the selected traits evaluated during performance tests were estimated with the REML method. The recorded values ranged from 0.09, for the pulse rate, to an exceptionally high record for dressage, as judged by foreign riders, reaching 0.95.
The influence of ß-haemolytic Streptococcus organisms at concentrations of 100 x, 200 x, and 500 x 10³ cells/ml sperm incubated at 37°C for 60 min with stallion semen suspension on the motility, viability and morphology of the semen, and AspAT activity in seminal plasma was examined. S. zooepidemicus at a concentration of 500 x 10³ cells/ml exhibited a particularly unfavourable effect on semen. All parameters measured altered significantly after a 60 min incubation. The activity of AspAT also changed during a prolonged incubation of sperm with a suspension containing 500 x 10³ S. zooepidemicus/ml semen; after a 24 h incubation the activity of AspAT was enhanced by more than 38% in comparison to the initial value.
The objective of the present study was to evaluate relationships among recorded traits in a 100-day stationary performance test in warmblood stallions in Poland. The possibility of reducing the number of recorded traits was assessed as well. The data are from 582 warmblood stallions undergoing a 100-day test in 2002-2010 at two Polish training centres. The stallions were pre-selected on nine single conformation and movement traits and then inspected on nineteen performance traits scored by the head of the training centre, judging commission, and test riders. To establish the relationships within the data, entropy analysis was used. Entropy and conditional entropy in relation to the final assessment, as well as joint entropy, mutual information, and their quotient were estimated. High relationships between traits depend on their source of variability (head of training centre, judging commission, test rider). Variability over time of ranks for many traits is influenced by the differences in the genetic structure of the stallions tested in the last ten years. These estimates of conditional entropy can be helpful in derivation of weights for the recorded conformation, movement, and performance traits.
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